When is the last frost in USDA Zone 6A?

The average last spring frost in Zone 6A is April 18, with a range from Apr 4 to May 5 depending on the specific year. Data from NOAA 1991–2020 Climate Normals.

When is the first fall frost in Zone 6A?

The average first fall frost in Zone 6A is October 14, with a range from Oct 1 to Nov 7.

How long is the growing season in Zone 6A?

The average frost-free growing season in Zone 6A is 179 days, running from approximately April 18 to October 14.

When should I start seeds indoors in Zone 6A?

In Zone 6A, start tomatoes and peppers indoors 8–10 weeks before the last frost date of April 18. That means starting seeds in mid-winter to early spring depending on your specific transplant targets.

USDA Zone 6A

Zone 6A Planting Calendar — April 18 to October 14

Zone 6a is a transitional zone where cold winters give way to warm, productive summers. The growing season stretches from mid-April through mid-October — roughly 180 days. Most vegetables perform well here with disciplined scheduling, and the moderate climate supports both cool-season and warm-season production in the same year.

Zone 6A at a glance: Last frost averages April 18 (range Apr 4–May 5). First fall frost averages October 14. Growing season is 179 days. Start warm-season crops indoors 6–10 weeks before last frost; transplant after April 18.

Last Spring Frost

April 18

Range: Apr 4 – May 5

First Fall Frost

October 14

Range: Oct 1 – Nov 7

Growing Season

179 days

Avg. frost-free window

Winter Low

-10° to -5°F

Average minimum temp

Reference City

Columbus, OH

Climate data source

Annual Rainfall

39"

Regular pattern

Zone 6A Planting Calendar — All Crops

Dates based on April 18 average last frost. Start indoors dates assume seed starting under grow lights or in a warm window. All dates are averages — adjust based on your specific microclimate and the current year's weather.

Plant	Type	Start Indoors	Transplant / Direct Sow	Harvest Window
Tatsoi	tatsoi	Mar 7	Mar 21 Transplant	Apr 15 – May 5
Texas 1015Y SuperSweet Onion	root	Feb 14	Mar 21 Transplant	Jul 4 – Jul 14
Acorn Squash	vegetable	—	Apr 18 Plant Out	Jul 7 – Jul 27
Alexandria Alpine Strawberry	strawberry	Mar 14	Apr 25 Transplant	Aug 3 – Aug 23
Armenian Cucumber	cucumber	Apr 11	Apr 25 Transplant	Jun 24 – Jul 4
Astro Arugula	vegetable	—	Apr 18 Plant Out	May 9 – May 28
Aunt Molly's Ground Cherry	vegetable	—	Apr 18 Plant Out	Jun 27 – Jul 17
Baby Cakes Blackberry	blackberry	—	Apr 25 Plant Out	Apr 25 – Jun 24
Bay Laurel	bay laurel	—	Apr 25 Plant Out	Jun 24 – Apr 25
Beauregard Sweet Potato	root	—	Apr 25 Direct Sow	Jul 24 – Aug 8
Bee Balm	flower	—	Apr 18 Plant Out	—
Black Beauty Eggplant	vegetable	—	Apr 18 Plant Out	Jul 2 – Jul 17
Black Beauty Zucchini	vegetable	Apr 1	Apr 29 Transplant	Jun 13 – Jun 23
Black-Eyed Pea	vegetable	—	Apr 18 Plant Out	Jun 22 – Jun 27
Black-Eyed Susan	flower	—	Apr 18 Plant Out	—
Bloomsdale Longstanding Spinach	vegetable	—	Apr 18 Plant Out	Jun 2 – Jun 9
Blue Lake Bush Bean	vegetable	—	Apr 18 Plant Out	Jun 7 – Jun 15
Bok Choy	vegetable	—	Apr 18 Plant Out	Jun 2 – Jun 17
Borage	flower	—	Apr 18 Plant Out	Jun 12 – Jul 2
Brilliant Celeriac	celeriac	Mar 7	Apr 18 Transplant	Aug 6 – Aug 16
Buckwheat	cover crop	—	Apr 18 Plant Out	May 18 – Jun 2
Butterhead Lettuce	vegetable	—	Apr 18 Plant Out	Jun 7 – Jun 22
Calendula	flower	—	Apr 18 Plant Out	Jun 7 – Jun 17
Calypso Cilantro	herb	—	Apr 18 Plant Out	Jun 7 – Jun 12
Cherry Belle Radish	root	—	Apr 25 Direct Sow	May 16 – May 25
Chinese Broccoli (Gai Lan)	vegetable	—	Apr 18 Plant Out	May 18 – Jun 7
Chioggia Beet	root	—	Apr 25 Direct Sow	Jun 19 – Jun 29
Chives	herb	—	Apr 18 Plant Out	Jun 17 – Jul 2
Clemson Spineless Okra	vegetable	—	Apr 18 Plant Out	Jun 12 – Jun 21
Common Sage	herb	—	Apr 18 Plant Out	Jul 2 – Jul 17
Contender Bush Bean	vegetable	—	Apr 18 Plant Out	Jun 2 – Jun 12
Cosmic Purple Carrot	root	—	Apr 25 Direct Sow	Jun 22 – Jul 9
Cosmos	flower	—	Apr 18 Plant Out	Jun 27 – Jul 17
Crimson Clover	cover crop	—	Apr 18 Plant Out	Jun 17 – Jul 17
Crimson Sweet Watermelon	vegetable	—	Apr 18 Plant Out	Jul 7 – Jul 17
Curly Kale	vegetable	—	Apr 18 Plant Out	Jun 12 – Jun 22
Curly Parsley	herb	Mar 14	Apr 18 Transplant	Jun 27 – Jul 7
Daikon Radishes	daikon radish	Mar 28	Apr 4 Transplant	May 19 – May 29
Danvers Carrot	root	—	Apr 25 Direct Sow	Jul 4 – Jul 14
Delicata Squash	vegetable	—	Apr 18 Plant Out	Jul 7 – Jul 27
Detroit Dark Red Beet	root	—	Apr 25 Direct Sow	Jun 19 – Jun 24
Dill	herb	—	Apr 18 Plant Out	May 28 – Jun 12
Dragon Tongue Bean	vegetable	—	Apr 18 Plant Out	Jun 12 – Jun 17
Echinacea	flower	—	Apr 18 Plant Out	—
Edamame	vegetable	—	Apr 18 Plant Out	Jul 2 – Jul 22
Eight Ball Zucchini	zucchini	Apr 11	Apr 25 Transplant	Jun 9 – Jun 19
Endive / Escarole	vegetable	—	Apr 18 Plant Out	Jun 2 – Jun 22
English Lavender	herb	—	Apr 18 Plant Out	Jul 17 – Aug 16
English Lavender	flower	—	Apr 18 Plant Out	—
English Thyme	herb	—	Apr 25 Plant Out	Jul 4 – Jul 24
Epazote	epazote	Apr 4	Apr 25 Transplant	Jun 19 – Jun 29
Fall Rutabagas	rutabaga	—	Apr 18 Plant Out	Jul 12 – Jul 27
Fava Bean	vegetable	—	Apr 18 Plant Out	Jul 2 – Jul 27
Flat-Leaf Parsley	herb	Mar 14	Apr 18 Transplant	Jun 27 – Jul 17
French Breakfast Radish	root	—	Apr 25 Direct Sow	May 16 – May 23
French Marigold	flower	—	Apr 18 Plant Out	Jun 7 – Jun 17
French Tarragon	herb	—	Apr 18 Plant Out	Jun 17 – Jul 7
Garlic Chives	herb	—	Apr 18 Plant Out	Jun 17 – Jul 2
Georgia Southern Collard Greens	vegetable	—	Apr 18 Plant Out	Jun 17 – Jul 7
German Chamomile	herb	—	Apr 18 Plant Out	Jun 17 – Jun 22
Gold Rush Zucchini	zucchini	Apr 11	Apr 25 Transplant	Jun 9 – Jun 14
Golden Beet	root	—	Apr 25 Direct Sow	Jun 19 – Jun 29
Greek Oregano	herb	—	Apr 25 Plant Out	Jun 24 – Jul 14
Green Fingers Persian Cucumber	cucumber	Apr 11	Apr 25 Transplant	Jun 19 – Jun 24
Green Onion	vegetable	—	Apr 18 Plant Out	Jun 17 – Jul 17
Heirloom Red Kuri Squash	winter squash	Apr 11	Apr 25 Transplant	Jul 24 – Aug 3
Herb Fennel	herb	—	Apr 18 Plant Out	Jun 17 – Jun 27
Heritage Raspberry	raspberry	—	Apr 25 Plant Out	Apr 25 – Jun 24
Horseradish	vegetable	—	Apr 18 Plant Out	Sep 5 – Sep 25
Imperial Star Artichoke	artichoke	Mar 14	Apr 18 Transplant	Jul 17 – Jul 27
Jack O'Lantern Pumpkin	vegetable	—	Apr 18 Plant Out	Jul 17 – Aug 6
Japanese Eggplant	vegetable	—	Apr 18 Plant Out	Jun 7 – Jun 22
Jersey Knight Asparagus	vegetable	—	Apr 18 Plant Out	Apr 17
Kentucky Wonder Pole Bean	vegetable	—	Apr 18 Plant Out	Jun 15 – Jun 27
Lacinato Kale	vegetable	—	Apr 18 Plant Out	Jun 17 – Jun 22
Leaf Lettuce Mix	vegetable	—	Apr 18 Plant Out	Jun 2 – Jun 12
Leek	vegetable	—	Apr 18 Plant Out	Jul 27 – Aug 26
Lemon Balm	herb	—	Apr 18 Plant Out	Jun 2 – Jun 17
Lemon Cucumber	vegetable	—	Apr 18 Plant Out	Jun 17 – Jun 27
Lemon Verbena	lemon verbena	—	Apr 25 Plant Out	Jul 24 – Aug 23
Lemongrass	herb	—	Apr 18 Plant Out	Jul 2 – Jul 27
Lima Bean	vegetable	—	Apr 18 Plant Out	Jun 17 – Jul 7
Mammoth Sunflower	flower	—	Apr 18 Plant Out	Jun 22 – Jul 7
Mesclun Mix	vegetable	—	Apr 18 Plant Out	May 9 – May 18
Mizuna	vegetable	—	Apr 18 Plant Out	May 28 – Jun 7
Mrs. Burns Lemon Basil	basil	Mar 28	Apr 25 Transplant	Jun 24 – Jul 4
Mustard Greens	vegetable	—	Apr 18 Plant Out	May 23 – Jun 7
Mâche (Corn Salad)	vegetable	—	Apr 18 Plant Out	Jun 17 – Jul 11
Nantes Carrot	root	—	Apr 25 Direct Sow	Jun 26 – Jul 9
Napa Cabbage	vegetable	—	Apr 18 Plant Out	Jun 27 – Jul 17
Nasturtium	flower	—	Apr 18 Plant Out	Jun 7 – Jun 22
National Pickling Cucumber	vegetable	—	Apr 18 Plant Out	Jun 7 – Jun 15
New Zealand Spinach	new zealand spinach	Apr 11	Apr 25 Transplant	Jun 14 – Jun 24
Orion Florence Fennel	fennel	Apr 4	Apr 25 Transplant	Jul 14 – Jul 24
Ozark Beauty Strawberry	strawberry	—	Apr 25 Plant Out	Jun 24 – Jul 24
Parsnip	root	—	Apr 25 Direct Sow	Aug 3 – Sep 2
Patriot Blueberry	blueberry	—	Apr 25 Plant Out	Apr 24
Pattypan Squash	vegetable	—	Apr 18 Plant Out	Jun 4 – Jun 12
Peppermint	herb	—	Apr 18 Plant Out	May 18 – Jun 2
Popcorn	vegetable	—	Apr 18 Plant Out	Jul 12 – Aug 16
Provider Bush Bean	vegetable	—	Apr 18 Plant Out	Jun 7 – Jun 12
Radicchio	vegetable	—	Apr 18 Plant Out	Jun 17 – Jul 12
Raspberry Shortcake Raspberry	raspberry	—	Apr 25 Plant Out	Apr 25 – Jun 24
Red Leaf Lettuce	vegetable	—	Apr 18 Plant Out	Jun 2 – Jun 12
Red Pontiac Potato	root	—	Apr 25 Direct Sow	Jul 24 – Aug 13
Red Russian Kale	vegetable	—	Apr 18 Plant Out	Jun 7 – Jun 17
Rhubarb	vegetable	—	Apr 18 Plant Out	Apr 18 – Apr 17
Romaine Lettuce	vegetable	—	Apr 18 Plant Out	Jun 22 – Jul 2
Scarlet Runner Bean	vegetable	—	Apr 18 Plant Out	Jun 17 – Jun 27
Seascape Strawberry	strawberry	—	Apr 25 Plant Out	Jul 9 – Jul 24
Shallot	vegetable	—	Apr 18 Plant Out	Jul 17 – Aug 16
Shelling Pea	vegetable	—	Apr 18 Plant Out	Jun 12 – Jun 27
Silver Queen Sweet Corn	vegetable	—	Apr 18 Plant Out	Jul 17 – Jul 19
Snow Pea	vegetable	—	Apr 18 Plant Out	Jun 9 – Jun 27
Softneck Garlic	root	—	Apr 25 Direct Sow	Dec 21 – Jan 20
Spacemaster Bush Cucumber	cucumber	Apr 11	Apr 25 Transplant	Jun 24 – Jun 29
Spaghetti Squash	vegetable	—	Apr 18 Plant Out	Jul 15 – Jul 27
Spearmint	herb	—	Apr 18 Plant Out	May 18 – Jun 2
Stevia	herb	—	Apr 18 Plant Out	Jul 17 – Aug 16
Straight Eight Cucumber	cucumber	Apr 11	Apr 25 Transplant	Jun 24 – Jun 29
Sugar Pie Pumpkin	vegetable	—	Apr 18 Plant Out	Jul 17 – Aug 6
Sugar Snap Pea	vegetable	—	Apr 18 Plant Out	Jun 12 – Jun 27
Sunshine Blue Blueberry	blueberry	—	Apr 25 Plant Out	Apr 24
Sunshine Kabocha Squash	winter squash	Apr 11	Apr 25 Transplant	Jul 29 – Aug 3
Sweet Alyssum	flower	—	Apr 18 Plant Out	May 28 – Jun 12
Sweet Marjoram	marjoram	Mar 28	Apr 25 Transplant	Jul 9 – Jul 24
Swiss Chard	vegetable	—	Apr 18 Plant Out	Jun 7 – Jun 17
Tall Utah 52-70 Celery	vegetable	—	Apr 18 Plant Out	Jul 27 – Aug 26
Tomatillo	vegetable	—	Apr 18 Plant Out	Jun 17 – Jul 12
Top Hat Blueberry	blueberry	—	Apr 25 Plant Out	Apr 24
Turnip	root	—	Apr 25 Direct Sow	Jun 14 – Jun 24
Watermelon Radish	root	—	Apr 25 Direct Sow	Jun 14 – Jun 29
Winner Kohlrabi	vegetable	—	Apr 18 Plant Out	Jun 2 – Jun 7
Yard Long Bean	vegetable	—	Apr 18 Plant Out	Jun 17 – Jul 17
Yarrow	flower	—	Apr 18 Plant Out	—
Yellow Crookneck Squash	vegetable	—	Apr 18 Plant Out	Jun 7 – Jun 17
Yukon Gold Potato	root	—	Apr 25 Direct Sow	Jul 14 – Aug 3
Zinnia	flower	—	Apr 18 Plant Out	Jun 17 – Jul 17
Amish Paste Tomatoes	tomato	Apr 4	May 2 Transplant	Jul 15 – Jul 26
Anaheim Peppers	pepper	Mar 28	May 2 Transplant	Jul 18 – Jul 26
Banana Peppers	pepper	Apr 4	May 9 Transplant	Jul 8 – Jul 18
Beefsteak Tomatoes	tomato	Apr 25	May 2 Transplant	Jul 21 – Jul 26
Better Boy Tomatoes	tomato	Apr 11	May 2 Transplant	Jul 11 – Jul 16
Bhut Jolokia Ghost Pepper	pepper	Mar 28	May 2 Transplant	Jul 31 – Aug 30
Big Jim Hatch Chile	pepper	Mar 28	May 2 Transplant	Jul 11 – Jul 16
Black Cherry Tomato	tomato	Apr 4	May 2 Transplant	Jul 5 – Jul 16
Black Krim Tomatoes	tomato	Apr 25	May 2 Transplant	Jul 16 – Jul 21
Black Oil Sunflower Microgreens	sunflower microgreens	Apr 25	May 2 Transplant	May 9 – May 14
Brandywine Tomatoes	tomato	Apr 25	May 2 Transplant	Jul 21 – Jul 31
Broccolini	vegetable	Mar 28	May 2 Transplant	Jun 21 – Jul 11
Brussels Sprouts	vegetable	Mar 28	May 2 Transplant	Jul 26 – Aug 20
Butternut Squash	vegetable	Apr 4	May 2 Transplant	Aug 10 – Aug 30
California Wonder Peppers	pepper	Apr 4	May 9 Transplant	Jul 20 – Jul 23
Cantaloupe	vegetable	Apr 4	May 2 Transplant	Jul 21 – Jul 31
Caribbean Red Scotch Bonnet Pepper	pepper	Mar 28	May 2 Transplant	Aug 5 – Aug 30
Cayenne Peppers	pepper	Mar 28	May 2 Transplant	Jul 26 – Aug 5
Celebrity Tomatoes	tomato	Apr 25	May 2 Transplant	Jul 11 – Jul 13
Celeste Fig	fig	—	May 2 Plant Out	May 2 – May 1
Cherokee Purple Tomatoes	tomato	Apr 25	May 2 Transplant	Jul 19 – Jul 26
Chicago Hardy Fig	fig	—	May 2 Plant Out	May 2 – May 1
Corno di Toro Pepper	pepper	Mar 28	May 2 Transplant	Jul 16 – Jul 21
Cubanelle Peppers	pepper	Apr 4	May 9 Transplant	Jul 10 – Jul 18
Culinary Turmeric	turmeric	Apr 11	May 9 Transplant	Jan 4 – Mar 5
Cupid Grape Tomato	tomato	Apr 11	May 2 Transplant	Jul 6 – Jul 11
Early Girl Tomatoes	tomato	Apr 25	May 2 Transplant	Jun 23 – Jul 3
Fresno Peppers	pepper	Mar 28	May 2 Transplant	Jul 16 – Jul 21
Genovese Basil	herb	Apr 4	May 2 Transplant	Jul 1 – Jul 11
Ginger	ginger	Apr 11	May 9 Transplant	Jan 4 – Mar 5
Green Cabbage	vegetable	Mar 28	May 2 Transplant	Jul 1 – Aug 10
Green Zebra Tomatoes	tomato	Apr 25	May 2 Transplant	Jul 16 – Jul 19
Habanero Pepper	pepper	Mar 28	May 9 Transplant	Aug 7 – Sep 6
Honeydew Melon	vegetable	Apr 4	May 2 Transplant	Aug 10 – Aug 25
Hungarian Hot Wax Pepper	pepper	Mar 28	May 2 Transplant	Jul 6 – Jul 16
Improved Meyer Lemon	meyer lemon	—	May 2 Plant Out	May 1
Jalapeño Peppers	pepper	Mar 28	May 2 Transplant	Jul 6 – Jul 16
Jimmy Nardello Peppers	pepper	Apr 4	May 9 Transplant	Jul 28 – Aug 7
Juliet Tomatoes	tomato	Apr 11	May 2 Transplant	Jun 30 – Jul 2
King Arthur Peppers	pepper	Apr 4	May 9 Transplant	Jul 10 – Jul 16
Lunchbox Mini Peppers	pepper	Apr 4	May 9 Transplant	Jul 3 – Jul 8
Marketmore 76 Cucumber	vegetable	Apr 4	May 2 Transplant	Jun 29 – Jul 9
Midnight Snack Tomato	tomato	Apr 4	May 2 Transplant	Jul 6 – Jul 11
Mortgage Lifter Tomatoes	tomato	Apr 25	May 2 Transplant	Jul 21 – Jul 26
Mountain Magic Tomatoes	tomato	Apr 25	May 2 Transplant	Jul 13 – Jul 16
Mucho Nacho Jalapeño Peppers	pepper	Apr 4	May 2 Transplant	Jul 9 – Jul 11
Nagami Kumquat	kumquat	—	May 2 Plant Out	May 1
Padron Peppers	pepper	Apr 4	May 9 Transplant	Jul 8 – Jul 13
Patio Princess Tomatoes	tomato	Apr 11	May 2 Transplant	Jul 6 – Jul 11
Pinkeye Purple Hull Pea	cowpea	Mar 7	May 2 Transplant	Jun 26 – Jul 9
Poblano Peppers	pepper	Mar 28	May 2 Transplant	Jul 6 – Jul 16
Purple Basil	herb	Apr 4	May 2 Transplant	Jul 11 – Jul 26
Rambo Radish Microgreens	radish microgreens	Apr 25	May 2 Transplant	May 8 – May 12
Red Cabbage	vegetable	Mar 28	May 2 Transplant	Jul 11 – Aug 20
Red-Stem Malabar Spinach	malabar spinach	Apr 11	May 2 Transplant	Jun 26 – Jul 11
Roma VF Tomatoes	tomato	Apr 25	May 2 Transplant	Jul 16 – Jul 21
Romanesco	vegetable	Mar 28	May 2 Transplant	Jul 16 – Aug 10
Rosemary	herb	—	May 2 Plant Out	Jul 21 – Aug 10
Rutgers Tomato	tomato	Apr 4	May 2 Transplant	Jul 11 – Jul 21
San Marzano Tomatoes	tomato	Apr 25	May 2 Transplant	Jul 19 – Jul 29
Serrano Peppers	pepper	Mar 28	May 2 Transplant	Jul 11 – Jul 21
Shishito Peppers	pepper	Apr 4	May 9 Transplant	Jul 8 – Jul 13
Snow Crown Cauliflower	vegetable	Mar 28	May 2 Transplant	Jun 21 – Jul 1
Speckled Pea Shoot Microgreens	pea shoot microgreens	Apr 25	May 2 Transplant	May 10 – May 16
Sugar Baby Watermelon	vegetable	Apr 4	May 2 Transplant	Jul 16 – Jul 21
Sun Gold Tomatoes	tomato	Apr 11	May 2 Transplant	Jun 28 – Jul 6
Supersweet 100 Tomatoes	tomato	Apr 11	May 2 Transplant	Jul 1 – Jul 6
Sweet 100 Tomatoes	tomato	Apr 11	May 2 Transplant	Jul 1 – Jul 6
Sweet Million Tomato	tomato	Apr 4	May 2 Transplant	Jul 1 – Jul 6
Thai Basil	herb	Apr 4	May 2 Transplant	Jul 1 – Jul 6
Thai Hot Peppers	pepper	Mar 28	May 2 Transplant	Jul 16 – Jul 26
Tiny Tim Tomato	tomato	Apr 4	May 2 Transplant	Jun 16 – Jun 26
Tumbling Tom Red Tomato	tomato	Apr 4	May 2 Transplant	Jul 6 – Jul 11
Waltham 29 Broccoli	vegetable	Mar 28	May 2 Transplant	Jul 16 – Jul 31
Yellow Pear Tomatoes	tomato	Apr 11	May 2 Transplant	Jul 11 – Jul 19
Garlic	garlic	Oct 13	Oct 20 Transplant	Jun 17 – Jul 17

Browse Zone 6A by Month

See exactly what to plant, transplant, and harvest each month in Zone 6A.

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Zone 6A Growing Tips

Average last spring frost is April 18 and first fall frost is October 14 — these are the anchor dates your entire planting schedule is built around.
Moderate heat stress. Humidity drives more disease than heat damage.
Consistent rainfall year-round. Drainage more important than supplemental irrigation.
Disease pressure in this zone is moderate-high. Primary risks include late blight, early blight, septoria leaf spot. Proper plant spacing, air circulation, and avoiding overhead watering significantly reduce disease incidence.
Fall cool-season crops (lettuce, spinach, kale, radishes) should go in the ground between July 20 and September 1 for harvest before hard frost arrives.

States in Zone 6A

Zone 6A spans parts of these states. Note that zone boundaries run within states — check your specific ZIP code for your exact zone.

Missouri (north) Kentucky (east) West Virginia Virginia (mountains) Maryland (west) New Jersey (north) Pennsylvania (south) Kansas (north)

Zone 5B Zone 6A Calendar Zone 6B

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Frost dates from NOAA 1991–2020 Climate Normals via NOAA 1991-2020 Climate Normals, NWS Wilmington (ILN). Growing season data from OSU Extension — CFAES. Planting dates are averages based on zone frost dates and standard horticultural timing — adjust for your local microclimate.