When is the last frost in USDA Zone 5A?

The average last spring frost in Zone 5A is May 7 (range April 23 to May 21). Data from NOAA 1991–2020 Climate Normals aggregated across USDA Zone 5A.

When is the first fall frost in Zone 5A?

The average first fall frost in Zone 5A is October 4, with a range from Sep 20 to Oct 17. Aggregated across the same NOAA stations as the spring figure.

How long is the growing season in Zone 5A?

The frost-free growing season in Zone 5A runs from approximately May 7 to October 4, a span of about 147 days.

When should I start seeds indoors in Zone 5A?

In Zone 5A, start tomatoes and peppers indoors 8–10 weeks before the last frost date of May 7. That means starting seeds in mid-winter to early spring depending on your specific transplant targets.

USDA Zone 5A

Zone 5A Planting Calendar — May 7 to October 4

Zone 5a endures hard winters, with minimum temperatures dropping to -20°F. Gardeners work within a compact growing window bracketed by a late-spring last frost and an early-autumn first frost. The short season rewards careful timing — starting warm-season transplants indoors 8–10 weeks before last frost is essential.

Zone 5A at a glance: Last frost averages May 7 (range April 23 to May 21). First fall frost averages October 4. That is a frost-free span of about 147 days. Start warm-season crops indoors 6–10 weeks before last frost; transplant after May 7.

Last Spring Frost

May 7

range April 23 to May 21

First Fall Frost

October 4

Range: Sep 20 – Oct 17

Growing Season

147 days

Frost-free days between the dates above

Winter Low

-20° to -15°F

Average minimum temp

Reference City

Des Moines, IA

Climate data source

Annual Rainfall

36"

Regular pattern

NOAA Frost Probability for Zone 5A

Computed across 2,257 ZIP codes in Zone 5A · Composite generated Aug 12, 2026 | NOAA NCEI 1991-2020 Climate Normals (released 2021) | Threshold: minimum temperature at or below 32°F (NCEI element TMIN-PRBLST-T32F) — some crops are damaged above 32°F too, depending on duration, humidity, wind, and crop sensitivity

In Zone 5A, the last spring frost most likely lands on May 7. There's a 10% chance it could happen as late as May 21, and a 10% chance it's already done by April 23. These probabilities come from NOAA's 1991–2020 climate normals, weighted across every NOAA station serving the 2,257 ZIP codes in Zone 5A.

Earliest (10% by)

Apr 23

10% chance frost is done by this date

Typical (50% by)

May 7

50% chance frost is done by this date

Latest (90% by)

May 21

90% chance frost is done by this date

Swipe the chart to see the full date range

How we calculate this

NOAA provides station-level Climate Normals. NOAA's National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) records daily minimum temperatures at thousands of U.S. weather stations and publishes, for each station, the probability that the last spring frost has occurred by each calendar date — based on 30 years of observations (1991–2020). These per-station probability percentiles are the primary data.

SoilStack aggregates those station-level normals into a per-USDA-zone composite. For each ZIP code in Zone 5A, we identify nearby NOAA stations, weight each station's contribution by inverse-distance squared to the ZIP centroid, build a per-ZIP composite from those weighted station percentiles, and then aggregate every per-ZIP composite in the zone into a single zone-level composite using a weighted circular mean for dates and a weighted arithmetic mean for numeric values like growing-season length.

For Zone 5A specifically, this composite was aggregated across 2,257 contributing ZIP codes (of 2,393 total ZIP codes assigned to this zone in the USDA 2023 Plant Hardiness Zone Map).

Read the full methodology

Data sources

NOAA NCEI 1991–2020 U.S. Annual/Seasonal Climate Normals — the authoritative U.S. climatological dataset, released by NOAA in 2021 and covering frost-date probabilities at six temperature thresholds and nine probability percentiles for thousands of stations nationwide. Dataset identifier: gov.noaa.ncdc:C01619.

Methodology paper: Palecki, M., Durre, I., Applequist, S., Arguez, A., Lawrimore, J. (2021). U.S. Climate Normals 2020: U.S. Annual/Seasonal Climate Normals (1991–2020). NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information.

Station ↔ ZIP crosswalk: built from NOAA’s GHCN station inventory and the U.S. Census Bureau 2024 ZCTA Gazetteer (public domain) using great-circle distance with inverse-distance-squared weighting.

Live freeze outlook: National Weather Service (NWS) public forecast API, for the location of a ZIP you enter. Used only within about 7 days of a forecast freeze, the range an NWS point forecast reaches; without a ZIP, or outside that window, the chart shows the NOAA climate normal alone.

View the NOAA NCEI dataset

How to read this chart

The curve shows the cumulative probability that the last spring frost has occurred by each date. It rises from 0% (no chance frost is done that early) to 100% (essentially certain frost has occurred by that late date).

Three reference points are highlighted:

P10 (Apr 23) — the earliest date by which there’s a 10% chance the last frost is already done. Gardeners willing to take risk on early planting anchor decisions here.
P50 (May 7) — the median. Half of historical years had their last frost on or before this date. This is the “Typical” reference.
P90 (May 21) — the date by which there’s a 90% chance frost is done. Risk-averse gardeners planting frost-sensitive crops use this date as their go-ahead signal.

For most warm-season crops (tomatoes, peppers, basil, beans), waiting until the P50 to P90 window is the conservative call. Hardier crops can go in around P10.

The typical last-frost line. The P50 marker is the climate-normal center — the median last-frost date from 30 years of NOAA data. If you enter your ZIP and a freeze is within the 7-day National Weather Service window, a separate marker shows that forecast freeze for your location. A forecast freeze is not necessarily the season’s last: later freezes remain possible.

Limitations

Climate normals plus a short-range forecast blend. The probability curve reflects the climatological baseline from 1991–2020: what’s likely in a typical year. The optional freeze outlook adds the live NWS forecast for your ZIP when a freeze is within about 7 days, the range where a genuine point forecast exists. Without a ZIP, or beyond that horizon, the chart stays on the climate normal, because no forecast can reliably see further out. An early warm spell does not move the estimate earlier on its own, since last frost dates do not reliably track spring warmth.

Microclimate variation. A zone composite represents the weighted average across hundreds of stations. Your specific ZIP may run several days warmer or cooler than the zone average due to elevation, water proximity, urban heat island, or local topography.

Station density. Zone 5A has dense NOAA station coverage. Some zones with sparser ZIP-level coverage (Alaska, parts of the desert Southwest) rely on fewer mapped ZIPs and should be interpreted with slightly more caution.

Data refresh cycle. NOAA releases new Climate Normals on a 10-year cycle. The current 1991–2020 dataset will be superseded by the 2001–2030 release expected in 2031.

Data source: NOAA NCEI U.S. Annual/Seasonal Climate Normals (1991-2020). Dataset ID gov.noaa.ncdc:C01619. Methodology: Palecki et al. (2021). License: NOAA NODD (public domain, no endorsement).

First Fall Frost for Zone 5A

Data current as of Aug 12, 2026

In Zone 5A, the first fall frost most likely arrives on October 4, 2027. There's a 10% chance it comes as early as September 20, and a 10% chance it holds off until October 17. These probabilities come from NOAA's 1991–2020 climate normals, weighted across every NOAA station serving the 2,257 ZIP codes in Zone 5A.

Earliest (10% by)

Sep 20

10% chance frost has arrived by this date

Typical (50% by)

Oct 4

50% chance frost has arrived by this date

Latest (90% by)

Oct 17

90% chance frost has arrived by this date

Planning ahead

The typical first fall frost is around October 4 in Zone 5A, somewhere between September 20 and October 17. That is the climate-normal center from 30 years of NOAA data. Enter your ZIP above for a forecast tied to your location when a freeze is within the 7-day window.

Zone 5A Planting Calendar — All Crops

Dates based on May 7 average last frost. Start indoors dates assume seed starting under grow lights or in a warm window. All dates are averages — adjust based on your specific microclimate and the current year's weather.

Plant	Type	Start Indoors	Transplant / Direct Sow	Harvest Window
A
Abe Lincoln Tomatoes	tomato	Apr 2	May 21 Transplant	Aug 9 – Aug 19
AC Wendy Strawberry	berry	—	Apr 23 Plant Out	Perennial — see plant page
Ace 55 Tomatoes	tomato	Apr 2	May 21 Transplant	Aug 9 – Aug 14
Adams Elderberry	berry	—	May 7 Plant Out	Perennial — see plant page
Adirondack Blue Potato	root vegetable	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Aug 9
African Flake Daisy Flowers	flower	—	May 7 Direct Sow	Aug 5 – Aug 15
Aji Amarillo Peppers	pepper	Mar 19	May 21 Transplant	Aug 19 – Sep 18
Aji Dulce Peppers	pepper	Mar 19	May 21 Transplant	Aug 19 – Sep 8
Alaska Early Pea	legume	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 10
Alaska Early Pea (fall planting)	legume	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 20
Alaska Mix Nasturtium Flowers	flower	—	May 7 Direct Sow	Jul 1 – Jul 11
Albion Strawberry	berry	—	Apr 23 Plant Out	Perennial — see plant page
Alexandria Alpine Strawberry	berry	Feb 26	May 14 Transplant	Perennial — see plant page
Alfalfa Cover Crop	cover crop	—	Apr 30 Direct Sow	Perennial — see plant page
All Season Cabbage	brassica	Mar 19	Apr 23 Transplant	Jul 2 – Jul 12
All Season Cabbage (fall planting)	brassica	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Oct 13
All Sorts Surprise Mix Sunflowers	flower	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 23 – Aug 22
All Sweet Watermelon	melon	—	May 21 Direct Sow	Aug 19 – Aug 24
All Year Round Cauliflower	brassica	Mar 19	Apr 23 Transplant	Jun 27
All Year Round Cauliflower (fall planting)	brassica	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 28
All Year Round Lettuce	lettuce	—	Apr 7 Direct Sow	Jun 10 – Jun 19
All Year Round Lettuce (fall planting)	lettuce	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Oct 6
Allstar Strawberry	berry	—	Apr 23 Plant Out	Perennial — see plant page
Amarillo Oro Melon	melon	—	May 21 Direct Sow	Aug 19
Amarillo Yellow Carrots	root vegetable	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 28
Amarillo Yellow Carrots (fall planting)	root vegetable	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Oct 8
America Spinach	lettuce	—	Apr 7 Direct Sow	May 20 – Jun 1
America Spinach (fall planting)	lettuce	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 18
American Purple Top Rutabaga	root vegetable	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Aug 7 – Aug 22
Amish Paste Tomatoes	tomato	Apr 2	May 21 Transplant	Aug 3 – Aug 14
Anaheim Peppers	pepper	Mar 19	May 21 Transplant	Aug 6 – Aug 14
Ancho Grande Hot Peppers	pepper	Mar 19	May 21 Transplant	Aug 4 – Aug 14
Angelica	herb	Mar 5	May 7 Transplant	Jul 26 – Aug 5
Anise	herb	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Aug 22 – Sep 11
Anise hyssop leaves and flowers	flower	—	May 7 Direct Sow	Perennial — see plant page
Anna Russian Tomatoes	tomato	Apr 2	May 21 Transplant	Jul 30
Armenian Cucumber	cucumber	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 13 – Jul 23
Arroyo Lupine Flowers	flower	—	May 7 Direct Sow	Jul 31 – Aug 20
Ashley Cucumber	cucumber	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 8 – Jul 13
Asian Tempest Garlic	allium	—	Oct 14 Plant Out	Jul 1, 2027 – Jul 20, 2027
Astro Arugula	lettuce	—	Apr 7 Direct Sow	Apr 28 – May 17
Astro Arugula (fall planting)	lettuce	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 3
Atkinson Tomatoes	tomato	Apr 2	May 21 Transplant	Jul 30 – Aug 9
Atlantic Giant Pumpkin	squash	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Sep 1
Aunt Molly's Ground Cherry	vegetable	Apr 2	May 21 Transplant	Jul 30 – Aug 19
Aunt Ruby's German Green Tomatoes	tomato	Apr 2	May 21 Transplant	Aug 9
Autumn King Carrots	root vegetable	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 28 – Aug 2
Autumn King Carrots (fall planting)	root vegetable	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Oct 13
B
Baby Blue Eyes Flowers	flower	—	May 7 Direct Sow	Jul 6 – Aug 5
Baby Blue Hubbard Winter Squash	squash	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Aug 17
Baby Cakes Blackberry	berry	—	May 14 Plant Out	Perennial — see plant page
Baby's Breath Flowers	flower	—	May 7 Direct Sow	Jun 21 – Jul 6
Bachelor's button edible flowers	flower	—	May 7 Direct Sow	Jul 6 – Jul 26
Bachelor's button edible flowers (fall planting)	flower	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Oct 13
Banana Melon	melon	—	May 21 Direct Sow	Aug 19
Banana Peppers	pepper	Mar 26	May 28 Transplant	Aug 8
Barletta, Pearly White Onions	allium	Mar 5	May 7 Transplant	Jul 21 – Jul 26
Barletta, Pearly White Onions (fall planting)	allium	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Oct 13
Basil Herb Mix	herb	Apr 9	May 14 Transplant	Jul 13 – Aug 2
Bay Laurel	herb	—	May 14 Plant Out	Perennial — see plant page
Beauregard Sweet Potato	root vegetable	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Aug 12 – Aug 27
Beauty Pink Radishes	root vegetable	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jun 9
Beauty Pink Radishes (fall planting)	root vegetable	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Aug 20
Beauty Purple Radishes	root vegetable	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jun 8 – Jun 13
Beauty Purple Radishes (fall planting)	root vegetable	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Aug 24
Beauty White Radishes	root vegetable	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jun 13 – Jun 23
Beauty White Radishes (fall planting)	root vegetable	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 3
Bee Balm	flower	—	May 7 Plant Out	Perennial — see plant page
Beefsteak Tomatoes	tomato	Mar 19	May 21 Transplant	Aug 9 – Aug 14
Beit Alpha Cucumbers	cucumber	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 3 – Jul 18
Berry Blue honeyberry shrubs	berry	—	Apr 23 Plant Out	Perennial — see plant page
Better Boy Tomatoes	tomato	Apr 2	May 21 Transplant	Jul 30 – Aug 4
Bhut Jolokia Ghost Pepper	pepper	Mar 12	May 21 Transplant	Aug 19 – Sep 18
Big Beef Tomatoes	tomato	Apr 2	May 21 Transplant	Jul 30
Big Bertha Peppers	pepper	Mar 26	May 28 Transplant	Aug 6 – Aug 9
Big Boy Tomatoes	tomato	Apr 2	May 21 Transplant	Aug 7
Big Jim Hatch Chile	pepper	Mar 12	May 21 Transplant	Jul 30 – Aug 4
Big Max Pumpkin	squash	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Sep 6 – Sep 11
Big Rainbow Tomatoes	tomato	Apr 2	May 21 Transplant	Aug 14 – Aug 24
Birds Eye Hot Peppers	pepper	Mar 19	May 21 Transplant	Aug 29 – Sep 8
Bitter melons	vegetable	Apr 23	May 21 Transplant	Aug 4 – Aug 19
Black Beauty Eggplant	vegetable	Mar 12	May 21 Transplant	Aug 4 – Aug 19
Black Beauty Zucchini	squash	Apr 20	May 18 Transplant	Jul 2 – Jul 12
Black Cherry Tomatoes	tomato	Apr 2	May 21 Transplant	Jul 24 – Aug 4
Black Diamond Watermelon	melon	—	May 21 Direct Sow	Aug 19
Black From Tula Tomatoes	tomato	Apr 2	May 21 Transplant	Aug 14
Black Krim Tomatoes	tomato	Apr 2	May 21 Transplant	Aug 4 – Aug 9
Black Oil Sunflower Microgreens	microgreen	—	May 7 Plant Out	May 14 – May 19
Black Oil Sunflower Microgreens (fall planting)	microgreen	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Aug 6
Black Pearl Tomatoes	tomato	Apr 2	May 21 Transplant	Jul 25
Black Salsify	root vegetable	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Perennial — see plant page
Black Seeded Simpson Lettuce	lettuce	—	Apr 7 Direct Sow	May 22 – May 23
Black Seeded Simpson Lettuce (fall planting)	lettuce	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 9
Black-Eyed Pea	legume	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 18 – Jul 23
Black-Eyed Susan	flower	—	May 7 Plant Out	Perennial — see plant page
Blazing Star Flowers	flower	—	May 7 Direct Sow	Perennial — see plant page
Blonde de Paris Lettuce	lettuce	—	Apr 7 Direct Sow	May 27 – Jun 6
Blonde de Paris Lettuce (fall planting)	lettuce	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 23
Blondkopfchen Tomatoes	tomato	Apr 2	May 21 Transplant	Aug 4 – Aug 9
Bloody Butcher Corn	vegetable	—	May 21 Direct Sow	Aug 29 – Sep 8
Bloomsdale Longstanding Spinach	lettuce	—	Apr 7 Direct Sow	May 22 – May 29
Bloomsdale Longstanding Spinach (fall planting)	lettuce	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 15
Blue Curled Scotch Kale	lettuce	—	Apr 7 Direct Sow	Jun 1 – Jun 6
Blue Curled Scotch Kale (fall planting)	lettuce	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 23
Blue Flax Flowers	flower	—	Apr 23 Direct Sow	Perennial — see plant page
Blue Lake Bush Bean	legume	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 3 – Jul 11
Blue Lake Pole Bean	legume	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 19 – Jul 28
Bluecrop Blueberry	berry	—	Apr 23 Plant Out	Perennial — see plant page
Bluegold Blueberry	berry	—	Apr 23 Plant Out	Perennial — see plant page
Blueray Blueberry	berry	—	Apr 23 Plant Out	Perennial — see plant page
Bok Choy	lettuce	—	Apr 7 Direct Sow	May 22 – Jun 6
Bok Choy (fall planting)	lettuce	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 23
Boltardy Beets	root vegetable	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 3 – Jul 13
Boltardy Beets (fall planting)	root vegetable	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 23
Bonny Best Tomatoes	tomato	Apr 2	May 21 Transplant	Aug 4 – Aug 9
Borage	flower	—	May 7 Direct Sow	Jul 1 – Jul 21
Borlotti Bush Bean	legume	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 8 – Jul 18
Boston Pickling Cucumber	cucumber	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 3 – Jul 8
Bouquet Dill	herb	—	Apr 23 Direct Sow	Jun 12 – Jun 27
Bouquet Dill (fall planting)	herb	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 28
Bradley Tomatoes	tomato	Apr 2	May 21 Transplant	Aug 4 – Aug 9
Brandywine Tomatoes	tomato	Mar 19	May 21 Transplant	Aug 9 – Aug 19
Brilliant Celeriac	root vegetable	Feb 19	May 7 Transplant	Aug 25 – Sep 4
Broad Windsor Fava Bean	legume	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Aug 2
Broad Windsor Fava Bean (fall planting)	legume	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Oct 13
Broadleaf Classic Endive	lettuce	—	Apr 7 Direct Sow	May 27 – Jun 6
Broadleaf Classic Endive (fall planting)	lettuce	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 23
Broadleaf Full Heart Batavian Endive	lettuce	—	Apr 7 Direct Sow	Jul 1 – Jul 6
Broadleaf Sorrel	lettuce	—	Apr 7 Direct Sow	Perennial — see plant page
Broccolini	brassica	Apr 16	May 21 Transplant	Jul 10 – Jul 20
Broccolini (fall planting)	brassica	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 23
Brunswick Cabbage	brassica	Mar 19	Apr 23 Transplant	Jul 22
Brunswick Lowbush Blueberry	berry	—	May 7 Plant Out	Perennial — see plant page
Brussels Sprouts	brassica	Apr 16	May 21 Transplant	Aug 14 – Sep 8
Buckwheat	cover crop	—	May 7 Direct Sow	Jun 6 – Jun 21
Bull's Blood Beets	root vegetable	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 3 – Jul 8
Bull's Blood Beets (fall planting)	root vegetable	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 18
Burgess Buttercup Winter Squash	squash	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Aug 17
Burgundy Boston Lettuce	lettuce	—	Apr 7 Direct Sow	May 27 – Jun 1
Burgundy Boston Lettuce (fall planting)	lettuce	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 18
Bush Pickle Cucumbers	cucumber	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jun 28 – Jul 6
Buttercrunch Lettuce	lettuce	—	Apr 7 Direct Sow	May 23 – Jun 1
Buttercrunch Lettuce (fall planting)	lettuce	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 18
Butterhead Lettuce	lettuce	—	Apr 7 Direct Sow	May 27 – Jun 11
Butterhead Lettuce (fall planting)	lettuce	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 28
C
Cal Sweet Watermelon	melon	—	May 21 Direct Sow	Aug 14 – Aug 19
Calabrese Broccoli	brassica	Mar 19	Apr 23 Transplant	Jun 27
Calabrese Broccoli (fall planting)	brassica	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 28
Calendula	flower	Apr 2	May 21 Transplant	Jul 10 – Jul 20
Calendula (fall planting)	flower	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 23
California Bluebell	flower	—	May 7 Direct Sow	Jul 1 – Jul 11
California Bluebell (fall planting)	flower	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 28
California Giant Mix Zinnia Flowers	flower	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 13 – Jul 23
California Wonder Peppers	pepper	Mar 26	May 28 Transplant	Aug 8 – Aug 11
Calypso Bean	legume	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 23 – Aug 12
Calypso Cilantro	herb	—	May 7 Direct Sow	Jun 26 – Jul 1
Calypso Cilantro (fall planting)	herb	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 18
Calypso Tomatoes	tomato	Apr 2	May 21 Transplant	Aug 4 – Aug 9
Canary Bird Zinnia Flowers	flower	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 13 – Jul 23
Canary Yellow Swiss Chard	lettuce	—	Apr 7 Direct Sow	May 27 – Jun 6
Canary Yellow Swiss Chard (fall planting)	lettuce	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 23
Candy Onion	allium	—	Apr 2 Plant Out	Jul 1 – Jul 11
Caraway	herb	—	Apr 16 Direct Sow	Perennial — see plant page
Cardoon (Purple Artichoke Thistle)	vegetable	Mar 12	May 14 Transplant	Perennial — see plant page
Carentan Leeks	allium	Mar 5	Apr 23 Transplant	Jul 22 – Aug 11
Caribe Tomatoes	tomato	Apr 2	May 21 Transplant	Aug 4 – Aug 14
Carmello Tomatoes	tomato	Apr 2	May 21 Transplant	Jul 30 – Aug 4
Carmen Peppers	pepper	Mar 26	May 28 Transplant	Jul 27 – Aug 16
Carolina Cross Watermelon	melon	—	May 21 Direct Sow	Aug 29
Carolina Reaper peppers	pepper	Mar 5	May 21 Transplant	Aug 19 – Sep 18
Cascadia Sugar Snap Pea	legume	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 13
Cascadia Sugar Snap Pea (fall planting)	legume	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 23
Caserta Summer Squash	squash	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 18
Casper Eggplant	vegetable	Mar 19	May 21 Transplant	Aug 4
Catalogna Chicory	lettuce	—	Apr 7 Direct Sow	Jun 1
Catalogna Chicory (fall planting)	lettuce	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 18
Catmint	herb	Mar 19	May 7 Transplant	Perennial — see plant page
Catnip Herb	herb	—	May 7 Direct Sow	Perennial — see plant page
Cayenne Peppers	pepper	Mar 19	May 21 Transplant	Jul 30 – Aug 14
Celebrity Tomatoes	tomato	Apr 2	May 21 Transplant	Jul 30 – Aug 1
Chadwick's Cherry Tomatoes	tomato	Apr 2	May 21 Transplant	Jul 30 – Aug 19
Champion Radishes	root vegetable	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jun 8 – Jun 13
Champion Radishes (fall planting)	root vegetable	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Aug 24
Chandler Blueberry	berry	—	Apr 23 Plant Out	Perennial — see plant page
Chandler Strawberry	berry	—	Apr 23 Plant Out	Perennial — see plant page
Chantenay Carrots	root vegetable	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 23
Chantenay Carrots (fall planting)	root vegetable	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Oct 3
Charleston Wakefield Cabbage	brassica	Mar 12	Apr 16 Transplant	Jun 25
Charleston Wakefield Cabbage (fall planting)	brassica	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Oct 3
Chayote squash	vegetable	—	May 21 Plant Out	Sep 18 – Sep 27 (before frost)
Chengdu Garlic	allium	—	Oct 14 Plant Out	Jul 1, 2027 – Jul 20, 2027
Cherokee Purple Tomatoes	tomato	Mar 19	May 21 Transplant	Aug 7 – Aug 14
Cherokee Trail of Tears Bean	legume	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 18 – Aug 12
Cherry Belle Radish	root vegetable	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jun 8
Cherry Belle Radish (fall planting)	root vegetable	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Aug 19
Cherry Bomb peppers	pepper	Mar 5	May 21 Transplant	Aug 4 – Aug 9
Cherry Queen Zinnia Flowers	flower	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 13 – Jul 23
Chervil	herb	—	Apr 16 Direct Sow	May 21 – May 31
Chervil (fall planting)	herb	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 8
Chesnok Red Garlic	allium	—	Oct 14 Plant Out	Jul 1, 2027 – Jul 20, 2027
Chicago Hardy Fig	berry	—	May 7 Plant Out	Perennial — see plant page
Chinese 5-Color Peppers	pepper	Mar 19	May 21 Transplant	Aug 4 – Aug 14
Chinese Broccoli (Gai Lan)	brassica	—	Apr 7 Direct Sow	May 7 – May 27
Chinese Broccoli (Gai Lan) (fall planting)	brassica	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 13
Chinese Forget-Me-Not Flowers	flower	—	Apr 23 Direct Sow	Jun 27 – Jul 17
Chinese Snake Cucumber	cucumber	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 28
Chioggia Beet	root vegetable	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 8
Chioggia Beet (fall planting)	root vegetable	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 18
Chives	herb	—	May 7 Plant Out	Perennial — see plant page
Chocolate Bell Sweet Peppers	pepper	Mar 19	May 21 Transplant	Jul 25 – Aug 9
Chocolate Cherry Sunflowers	flower	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 28 – Aug 12
Chocolate Cherry Tomatoes	tomato	Apr 2	May 21 Transplant	Jul 30 – Aug 4
Chocolate Habanero Hot Peppers	pepper	Mar 19	May 21 Transplant	Aug 14 – Sep 3
Chocolate Stripes Tomatoes	tomato	Apr 2	May 21 Transplant	Aug 9
Christmas Lima Bean	legume	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Aug 6 – Aug 12
Cinderella Pumpkin	squash	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Sep 6
Cinnamon Basil	herb	Apr 9	May 14 Transplant	Jul 18 – Aug 2
Clasping Coneflower	flower	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Aug 7 – Aug 22
Classic Cumin	herb	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Aug 22 – Sep 11
Classic Tomatillos	vegetable	Apr 9	May 14 Transplant	Aug 2 – Aug 7
Clemson Spineless Okra	vegetable	Apr 16	May 21 Transplant	Jul 15 – Jul 24
Cocozelle Summer Squash	squash	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 11
Common Milkweed Flowers	flower	—	Apr 30 Direct Sow	Perennial — see plant page
Common Sage	herb	Mar 26	May 14 Transplant	Perennial — see plant page
Concord grape vines	berry	—	Apr 23 Plant Out	Perennial — see plant page
Congo Watermelon	melon	—	May 21 Direct Sow	Aug 19 – Aug 24
Contender Bush Bean	legume	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jun 28 – Jul 8
Copenhagen Cabbage	brassica	Mar 19	Apr 23 Transplant	Jun 27
Copenhagen Cabbage (fall planting)	brassica	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 28
Corno di Toro Pepper	pepper	Mar 12	May 21 Transplant	Aug 4 – Aug 9
Cosmic Purple Carrot	root vegetable	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 11 – Jul 28
Cosmic Purple Carrot (fall planting)	root vegetable	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Oct 8
Cosmos	flower	Apr 16	May 21 Transplant	Jul 30 – Aug 19
Cosmos Sensations Mix Flowers	flower	—	May 7 Direct Sow	Jul 21 – Aug 5
Costoluto Genovese Tomatoes	tomato	Apr 2	May 21 Transplant	Jul 30 – Aug 9
County Fair Cucumbers	cucumber	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 3 – Jul 5
Crackerjack Mix Marigolds	flower	Apr 2	May 7 Transplant	Jul 6 – Jul 21
Crego Mix Aster Flowers	flower	Mar 26	May 14 Transplant	Aug 2 – Aug 12
Creole Red Garlic	allium	—	Oct 14 Plant Out	Jul 1, 2027 – Jul 20, 2027
Creole Tomatoes	tomato	Apr 2	May 21 Transplant	Jul 30 – Aug 7
Crimson Cherry Rhubarb Root	vegetable	—	Apr 9 Plant Out	Perennial — see plant page
Crimson Clover	cover crop	—	May 7 Direct Sow	Jul 6 – Aug 5
Crimson Forest Bunching Onions	allium	Mar 19	May 7 Transplant	Jul 6
Crimson Forest Bunching Onions (fall planting)	allium	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 23
Crimson Sweet Watermelon	melon	Apr 23	May 21 Transplant	Aug 9 – Aug 19
Crisphead Lettuce	lettuce	—	Apr 7 Direct Sow	Jun 14 – Jun 21
Crisphead Lettuce (fall planting)	lettuce	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Oct 8
Crosby's Egyptian Beets	root vegetable	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 8 – Jul 13
Crosby's Egyptian Beets (fall planting)	root vegetable	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 23
Crosne tubers	root vegetable	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Perennial — see plant page
Cuban Oregano	herb	—	May 14 Plant Out	Perennial — see plant page
Cubanelle Peppers	pepper	Mar 26	May 28 Transplant	Jul 29 – Aug 6
Culinary Turmeric	root vegetable	Apr 2	May 28 Transplant	Jan 23, 2027 – Mar 24, 2027
Cupid Grape Tomatoes	tomato	Apr 2	May 21 Transplant	Jul 25 – Jul 30
Curly Kale	lettuce	—	Apr 7 Direct Sow	Jun 1 – Jun 11
Curly Kale (fall planting)	lettuce	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 28
Curly Parsley	herb	Mar 5	May 7 Transplant	Jul 16 – Jul 26
Curly Parsley (fall planting)	herb	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Oct 13
Cylindra Beets	root vegetable	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 13
Cylindra Beets (fall planting)	root vegetable	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 23
D
Dandelion	herb	—	Apr 16 Direct Sow	Perennial — see plant page
Danish Ballhead Cabbage	brassica	Mar 19	Apr 23 Transplant	Aug 1 – Aug 11
Danvers Carrot	root vegetable	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 23 – Aug 2
Danvers Carrot (fall planting)	root vegetable	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Oct 13
Dark Green Italian Giant Parsley	herb	—	Apr 23 Direct Sow	Jun 22 – Jul 7
Dark Green Italian Giant Parsley (fall planting)	herb	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Oct 8
Dark Green Romaine Lettuce	lettuce	—	Apr 7 Direct Sow	Jun 6 – Jun 16
Dark Green Romaine Lettuce (fall planting)	lettuce	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Oct 3
Dark Green Summer Squash	squash	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 3
Dark Opal Basil	herb	Apr 2	May 21 Transplant	Jul 20 – Aug 4
Datil peppers	pepper	Mar 5	May 21 Transplant	Aug 19 – Sep 8
Delica Kabocha Squash	squash	Apr 23	May 21 Transplant	Aug 24 – Sep 8
Delicata Squash	squash	Apr 23	May 21 Transplant	Aug 9 – Aug 29
Delicatesse Blue Kohlrabi	brassica	—	Apr 7 Direct Sow	Jun 1 – Jun 6
Delicatesse Blue Kohlrabi (fall planting)	brassica	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 23
Delicatesse White Kohlrabi	brassica	—	Apr 7 Direct Sow	Jun 1 – Jun 6
Delicatesse White Kohlrabi (fall planting)	brassica	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 23
Delicious Tomatoes	tomato	Apr 2	May 21 Transplant	Aug 4 – Aug 9
Detroit Dark Red Beet	root vegetable	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 13
Detroit Dark Red Beet (fall planting)	root vegetable	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 23
Devils Tongue Yellow Hot Peppers	pepper	Mar 19	May 21 Transplant	Aug 19 – Sep 8
Di Cicco Broccoli	brassica	Mar 19	Apr 23 Transplant	Jun 7 – Jun 10
Di Cicco Broccoli (fall planting)	brassica	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 11
Dill	herb	—	May 7 Direct Sow	Jun 16 – Jul 1
Dill (fall planting)	herb	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 18
Diva Cucumbers	cucumber	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 11
Dolce Fresca Basil	herb	Apr 2	May 21 Transplant	Jul 20 – Jul 30
Dragon Tongue Bean	legume	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 8 – Jul 13
Drumhead Cabbage	brassica	Mar 19	Apr 23 Transplant	Jul 22 – Aug 1
Dukat Dill	herb	—	Apr 23 Direct Sow	Jun 2 – Jun 12
Dukat Dill (fall planting)	herb	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 13
Duke Blueberry	berry	—	Apr 23 Plant Out	Perennial — see plant page
Dutch Lamb's Lettuce	lettuce	—	Apr 7 Direct Sow	May 17 – May 27
Dutch Lamb's Lettuce (fall planting)	lettuce	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 13
Dutch Yellow Shallots	allium	—	Apr 9 Plant Out	Jul 8 – Aug 7
Dwarf Jewel Mix Nasturtium Flowers	flower	—	May 7 Direct Sow	Jun 26 – Jul 6
Dwarf Long Pod Okra	vegetable	—	May 28 Direct Sow	Jul 22 – Jul 27
Dwarf Siberian Kale	lettuce	—	Apr 7 Direct Sow	May 27 – Jun 1
Dwarf Siberian Kale (fall planting)	lettuce	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 18
E
Earliglow Strawberry	berry	—	Apr 23 Plant Out	Perennial — see plant page
Early Girl Tomatoes	tomato	Apr 2	May 21 Transplant	Jul 12 – Jul 22
Early Jersey Wakefield Cabbage	brassica	Mar 12	Apr 16 Transplant	Jun 20 – Jun 30
Early Jersey Wakefield Cabbage (fall planting)	brassica	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Oct 8
Early Purple Broccoli	brassica	Mar 19	Apr 23 Transplant	Jun 27
Early Purple Broccoli (fall planting)	brassica	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 28
Early White Bush Scallop Pattypan Squash	squash	Apr 23	May 21 Transplant	Jul 7 – Jul 15
Early Wonder Beets	root vegetable	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 3
Early Wonder Beets (fall planting)	root vegetable	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 13
Easter Egg Radishes	root vegetable	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jun 11 – Jun 15
Easter Egg Radishes (fall planting)	root vegetable	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Aug 26
Echinacea	flower	—	May 7 Plant Out	Perennial — see plant page
Edamame	legume	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 28 – Aug 17
Egg Tomatoes	tomato	Apr 2	May 21 Transplant	Aug 4 – Aug 9
Eight Ball Zucchini	squash	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jun 28 – Jul 8
Elephant Garlic	allium	—	Oct 14 Plant Out	Jul 8, 2027 – Jul 14, 2027
Elliott Blueberry	berry	—	Apr 23 Plant Out	Perennial — see plant page
Emerald Giant Sweet Peppers	pepper	Mar 19	May 21 Transplant	Aug 4 – Aug 14
Emerald Green Velvet Okra	vegetable	—	May 21 Direct Sow	Jul 15 – Jul 18
Empress of India Nasturtium Flowers	flower	—	May 7 Direct Sow	Jul 1 – Jul 11
Endive / Escarole	lettuce	—	Apr 7 Direct Sow	May 22 – Jun 11
Endive / Escarole (fall planting)	lettuce	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 28
English Lavender	herb	Mar 19	May 21 Transplant	Perennial — see plant page
English Lavender (companion planting)	flower	—	May 7 Plant Out	Perennial — see plant page
English Thyme	herb	Mar 5	May 7 Transplant	Perennial — see plant page
English White Daisy Flowers	flower	Mar 5	May 7 Transplant	Perennial — see plant page
Epazote	herb	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 8 – Jul 18
Evening Sun Sunflowers	flower	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Aug 2 – Aug 12
Everbearing Cucumber	cucumber	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 13
Evergreen Bunching Onions	allium	Mar 19	May 7 Transplant	Jul 6 – Jul 11
Evergreen Bunching Onions (fall planting)	allium	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 28
Evergreen Parsley	herb	—	Apr 23 Direct Sow	Jul 2 – Jul 17
F
Fairy Dwarf Mix Candytuft Flowers	flower	—	Apr 30 Direct Sow	Jun 14 – Jun 24
Fairy Dwarf Mix Candytuft Flowers (fall planting)	flower	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 18
Fava Bean	legume	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 28 – Aug 22
Fenugreek	herb	—	Apr 23 Direct Sow	May 28 – Jun 12
Fenugreek (fall planting)	herb	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 13
Firecracker Hot Peppers	pepper	Mar 19	May 21 Transplant	Aug 9 – Sep 18
Fish Peppers	pepper	Mar 19	May 21 Transplant	Jul 30 – Aug 9
Five Star Grape Tomatoes	tomato	Apr 2	May 21 Transplant	Jul 22
Flat-Leaf Parsley	herb	Mar 5	May 7 Transplant	Jul 16 – Aug 5
Floradade Tomatoes	tomato	Apr 2	May 21 Transplant	Jul 30 – Aug 4
Florida Broadleaf Mustard	lettuce	—	Apr 7 Direct Sow	May 17 – May 27
Florida Broadleaf Mustard (fall planting)	lettuce	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 13
Florida Giant Watermelon	melon	—	May 21 Direct Sow	Aug 14
Florida Market Eggplant	vegetable	Mar 19	May 21 Transplant	Aug 9 – Aug 19
Fordhook Giant Swiss Chard	lettuce	—	Apr 7 Direct Sow	May 22 – Jun 1
Fordhook Giant Swiss Chard (fall planting)	lettuce	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 18
Fort Laramie Strawberry	berry	—	Apr 23 Plant Out	Perennial — see plant page
Fortex Pole Bean	legume	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 13 – Jul 23
Foxglove Flowers	flower	—	Apr 30 Direct Sow	Perennial — see plant page
French Breakfast Radish	root vegetable	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jun 4
French Breakfast Radish (fall planting)	root vegetable	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Aug 15
French Fingerling Potato	root vegetable	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Aug 15
French Lamb's Lettuce	lettuce	—	Apr 7 Direct Sow	May 17 – May 27
French Lamb's Lettuce (fall planting)	lettuce	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 13
French Marigold	flower	Apr 16	May 21 Transplant	Jul 10 – Jul 20
French Red Shallots	allium	—	Apr 9 Plant Out	Jul 8 – Aug 7
French Tarragon	herb	—	May 7 Plant Out	Perennial — see plant page
Fresno Peppers	pepper	Mar 19	May 21 Transplant	Aug 4 – Aug 9
G
Gaillardia Annual Mix Flowers	flower	—	May 7 Direct Sow	Jul 16 – Aug 5
Gardener's Delight Tomatoes	tomato	Apr 2	May 21 Transplant	Jul 20 – Aug 4
Garlic Chives	herb	—	May 7 Plant Out	Perennial — see plant page
Genovese Basil	herb	Apr 2	May 21 Transplant	Jul 20 – Jul 30
Georgia Rattlesnake Watermelon	melon	—	May 21 Direct Sow	Aug 19 – Aug 24
Georgia Southern Collard Greens	lettuce	—	Apr 7 Direct Sow	Jun 16 – Jul 1
German Chamomile	herb	—	May 7 Direct Sow	Jul 6 – Jul 11
German Chamomile (fall planting)	herb	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 28
German Johnson Tomatoes	tomato	Apr 2	May 21 Transplant	Aug 14
German Red Garlic	allium	—	Oct 14 Plant Out	Jul 1, 2027 – Jul 20, 2027
Giant Imperial Mix Larkspur Flowers	flower	—	Apr 16 Direct Sow	Jul 25 – Aug 14
Giant Maximum Mix Snapdragon Flowers	flower	Mar 5	May 7 Transplant	Jul 26 – Aug 10
Giant Musselburgh Leeks	allium	Mar 5	Apr 23 Transplant	Aug 6
Giant Red Mustard	lettuce	—	Apr 7 Direct Sow	May 22
Giant Red Mustard (fall planting)	lettuce	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 8
Ginger	root vegetable	Apr 2	May 28 Transplant	Jan 23, 2027 – Mar 24, 2027
Glacier Tomatoes	tomato	Apr 2	May 21 Transplant	Jul 15 – Jul 18
Globe Gilia Flowers	flower	—	May 7 Direct Sow	Jul 6 – Jul 26
Globe Gilia Flowers (fall planting)	flower	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Oct 13
Glorious Gleam Nasturtium Flowers	flower	—	May 7 Direct Sow	Jul 1 – Jul 16
Glory of Enkhuizen Cabbage	brassica	Mar 19	Apr 23 Transplant	Jul 22
Gochugaru Korean Peppers	pepper	Mar 19	May 21 Transplant	Aug 4
Gold Rush Zucchini	squash	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jun 28 – Jul 3
Golden Acre Cabbage	brassica	Mar 19	Apr 23 Transplant	Jun 27
Golden Acre Cabbage (fall planting)	brassica	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 28
Golden Bantam Sweet Corn	vegetable	—	May 21 Direct Sow	Aug 9 – Aug 14
Golden Beet	root vegetable	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 8 – Jul 18
Golden Beet (fall planting)	root vegetable	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 28
Golden Bush Scallop Summer Squash	squash	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 18
Golden Celery	vegetable	Feb 26	May 14 Transplant	Aug 7 – Aug 17
Golden Detroit Beets	root vegetable	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 8 – Jul 13
Golden Detroit Beets (fall planting)	root vegetable	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 23
Golden Globe Turnips	root vegetable	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jun 28 – Jul 3
Golden Globe Turnips (fall planting)	root vegetable	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 13
Golden Hubbard Winter Squash	squash	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Aug 22
Golden Marconi Sweet Peppers	pepper	Mar 19	May 21 Transplant	Jul 25 – Aug 9
Golden Sunray Tomatoes	tomato	Apr 2	May 21 Transplant	Aug 4 – Aug 9
Golden Wax Bush Bean	legume	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 3 – Jul 13
Goldrush Potato	root vegetable	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Sep 2 – Sep 11
Grano Red Onions	allium	Mar 5	May 7 Transplant	Sep 4
Grano White Onions	allium	Mar 5	May 7 Transplant	Sep 4
Greek Basil	herb	Apr 9	May 14 Transplant	Jul 18 – Jul 28
Greek Oregano	herb	—	May 14 Plant Out	Perennial — see plant page
Green Arrow Pea	legume	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 18 – Jul 23
Green Arrow Pea (fall planting)	legume	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Oct 3
Green Cabbage	brassica	Apr 16	May 21 Transplant	Jul 20 – Aug 29
Green Envy Tomatoes	tomato	Apr 2	May 21 Transplant	Jul 20 – Jul 30
Green Fingers Persian Cucumber	cucumber	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 8 – Jul 13
Green Flesh Honeydew Melon	melon	—	May 21 Direct Sow	Aug 14 – Aug 29
Green Globe Artichoke	vegetable	Mar 12	May 21 Transplant	Perennial — see plant page
Green Grape Tomatoes	tomato	Apr 2	May 21 Transplant	Jul 25 – Aug 7
Green Hubbard Winter Squash	squash	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Sep 1
Green Ice Lettuce	lettuce	—	Apr 7 Direct Sow	May 22
Green Ice Lettuce (fall planting)	lettuce	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 8
Green Marrow Summer Squash	squash	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Aug 7
Green Mountain Celtuce	lettuce	—	Apr 7 Direct Sow	May 27
Green Mountain Celtuce (fall planting)	lettuce	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 13
Green Onion	allium	Jan 29	Apr 2 Transplant	Perennial — see plant page
Green Purslane	vegetable	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jun 18 – Jul 3
Green shiso leaves	herb	Apr 9	May 14 Transplant	Jul 13 – Jul 23
Green Striped Cushaw Crookneck Winter Squash	squash	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Aug 27
Green Wave Mustard	lettuce	—	Apr 7 Direct Sow	May 22
Green Wave Mustard (fall planting)	lettuce	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 8
Green Zebra Tomatoes	tomato	Apr 2	May 21 Transplant	Aug 4 – Aug 7
Gypsy Peppers	pepper	Mar 26	May 28 Transplant	Jul 27 – Aug 1
H
H-19 Little Leaf Cucumbers	cucumber	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 10 – Jul 15
Habanero Pepper	pepper	Mar 12	May 28 Transplant	Aug 26 – Sep 25
Hailstone Radishes	root vegetable	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jun 13
Hailstone Radishes (fall planting)	root vegetable	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Aug 24
Hairy vetch cover crop stands	cover crop	—	May 7 Direct Sow	Jul 6 – Aug 5
Hale's Best Jumbo Cantaloupe	melon	Apr 23	May 21 Transplant	Aug 9 – Aug 19
Hamburg Rooted Parsley	herb	—	Apr 23 Direct Sow	Jul 22 – Aug 11
Hard Red Wheat Cover Crop	cover crop	—	Apr 16 Direct Sow	Jun 30 – Jul 20
Harris Model Parsnips	root vegetable	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Sep 6 – Sep 11
Harvester Bush Bean	legume	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 3 – Jul 8
Hatch Green Chile (NM 6-4) Peppers	pepper	Mar 19	May 21 Transplant	Jul 30 – Aug 9
Heart of Gold Cantaloupe Melon	melon	—	May 21 Direct Sow	Aug 14 – Aug 29
Heirloom Red Kuri Squash	squash	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Aug 12 – Aug 22
Henderson Bush Lima Bean	legume	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 14 – Jul 23
Herb Fennel	herb	—	May 7 Direct Sow	Perennial — see plant page
Heritage Rainbow Blend Carrots	root vegetable	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 23 – Jul 28
Heritage Rainbow Blend Carrots (fall planting)	root vegetable	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Oct 8
Heritage Raspberry	berry	—	Apr 23 Plant Out	Perennial — see plant page
Highbush Blueberries	berry	Mar 12	May 21 Transplant	Perennial — see plant page
Hillbilly Tomatoes	tomato	Apr 2	May 21 Transplant	Aug 14
Holiday Marbles Hot Peppers	pepper	Mar 19	May 21 Transplant	Aug 19 – Sep 8
Holland Red Shallots	allium	—	Apr 9 Plant Out	Jul 8 – Aug 7
Homemade Pickles Cucumber	cucumber	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 13
Homestead Tomatoes	tomato	Apr 2	May 21 Transplant	Aug 9 – Aug 14
Honeoye Strawberry	berry	—	Apr 23 Plant Out	Perennial — see plant page
Honey Bee Tomatoes	tomato	Apr 2	May 21 Transplant	Jul 20
Honey Rock Cantaloupe Melon	melon	—	May 21 Direct Sow	Aug 14 – Aug 29
Honeycrisp apple trees	berry	—	Apr 23 Plant Out	Perennial — see plant page
Horehound Herb	herb	—	May 7 Direct Sow	Perennial — see plant page
Horseradish	vegetable	—	May 7 Plant Out	Perennial — see plant page
Hot Pink Swiss Chard	lettuce	—	Apr 7 Direct Sow	May 27 – Jun 6
Hot Pink Swiss Chard (fall planting)	lettuce	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 23
Hungarian Hot Wax Pepper	pepper	Mar 12	May 21 Transplant	Jul 25 – Aug 4
I
Iceberg Lettuce	lettuce	—	Apr 7 Direct Sow	Jun 14 – Jun 21
Iceberg Lettuce (fall planting)	lettuce	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Oct 8
Igloo Cauliflower	brassica	Mar 19	Apr 23 Transplant	Jun 27 – Jul 2
Igloo Cauliflower (fall planting)	brassica	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Oct 3
Imperial Star Artichoke	vegetable	Mar 5	May 7 Transplant	Aug 5 – Aug 15
Improved Meyer Lemon	berry	—	May 21 Plant Out	Perennial — see plant page
Inchelium Red Garlic	allium	—	Oct 14 Plant Out	Jul 1, 2027 – Jul 20, 2027
Indian Spring Mix Hollyhock Flowers	flower	—	May 7 Direct Sow	Sep 4 – Sep 27 (before frost)
Indigo Rose Tomatoes	tomato	Apr 2	May 21 Transplant	Aug 4 – Aug 19
Invicta gooseberry shrubs	berry	—	Apr 23 Plant Out	Perennial — see plant page
Isis Candy Cherry Tomatoes	tomato	Mar 26	May 14 Transplant	Jul 23 – Aug 2
Issai hardy kiwi vines	berry	—	Apr 23 Plant Out	Perennial — see plant page
Italian Large Leaf Basil	herb	Apr 9	May 14 Transplant	Jul 13 – Jul 28
Italian Oregano	herb	Mar 19	May 7 Transplant	Perennial — see plant page
J
Jack Be Little Pumpkin	squash	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Aug 17
Jack O'Lantern Pumpkin	squash	Apr 23	May 21 Transplant	Aug 19 – Sep 8
Jacob's Cattle beans	legume	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Aug 5 – Aug 12
Jade Bush Bean	legume	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 8 – Jul 13
Jalapeño Peppers	pepper	Mar 19	May 21 Transplant	Jul 25 – Aug 4
Japanese Eggplant	vegetable	Mar 26	May 21 Transplant	Jul 10 – Jul 25
Jaune Flamme Tomatoes	tomato	Apr 2	May 21 Transplant	Aug 9
Jersey Blueberry	berry	—	Apr 23 Plant Out	Perennial — see plant page
Jersey Knight Asparagus	vegetable	—	Apr 23 Plant Out	Perennial — see plant page
Jerusalem artichoke tubers	root vegetable	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Perennial — see plant page
Jet Star Tomatoes	tomato	Apr 2	May 21 Transplant	Jul 30 – Aug 1
Jewel Black Raspberry	berry	—	May 7 Plant Out	Perennial — see plant page
Jewel Strawberries	berry	—	Apr 23 Plant Out	Perennial — see plant page
Jimmy Nardello Peppers	pepper	Mar 26	May 28 Transplant	Aug 16 – Aug 26
Jubilee Tomatoes	tomato	Apr 2	May 21 Transplant	Aug 4 – Aug 9
Jubilee Watermelon	melon	—	May 21 Direct Sow	Aug 19 – Aug 24
Juliet Tomatoes	tomato	Apr 2	May 21 Transplant	Jul 19 – Jul 21
K
Kagraner Sommer Lettuce	lettuce	—	Apr 7 Direct Sow	Jun 4
Kagraner Sommer Lettuce (fall planting)	lettuce	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 21
Kapoor Tulsi (Holy Basil)	herb	Apr 2	May 21 Transplant	Jul 20
Kellogg's Breakfast tomatoes	tomato	Mar 26	May 14 Transplant	Jul 28 – Aug 7
Kennebec Potato	root vegetable	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Sep 1 – Sep 26
Kentucky Wonder Pole Bean	legume	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 18
King Arthur Peppers	pepper	Mar 26	May 28 Transplant	Jul 26
King of the Garden Pole Lima Bean	legume	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Aug 10 – Aug 17
King Richard Leek	allium	Feb 5	Apr 9 Transplant	Jun 23
King Richard Leek (fall planting)	allium	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Oct 8
King's Cure-All Evening Primrose Flowers	flower	—	Apr 30 Direct Sow	Perennial — see plant page
Kuroda Carrots	root vegetable	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 23
Kuroda Carrots (fall planting)	root vegetable	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Oct 3
L
Lacinato Kale	lettuce	—	Apr 7 Direct Sow	Jun 6 – Jun 11
Lacinato Kale (fall planting)	lettuce	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 28
Lacy Phacelia Flowers	flower	—	May 7 Direct Sow	Jun 21 – Jul 6
Lacy Phacelia Flowers (fall planting)	flower	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 23
Lanceleaf Coreopsis Flowers	flower	—	May 7 Direct Sow	Perennial — see plant page
Landreth Bush Bean	legume	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 3 – Jul 8
Large Leaf Sorrel	lettuce	—	Apr 7 Direct Sow	Perennial — see plant page
Large Red Cherry Tomatoes	tomato	Apr 2	May 21 Transplant	Jul 30 – Aug 9
Leaf Lettuce Mix	lettuce	—	Apr 7 Direct Sow	May 22 – Jun 1
Leaf Lettuce Mix (fall planting)	lettuce	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 18
Lebanese White Bush Summer Squash	squash	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 3
Leek	allium	Feb 5	Apr 9 Transplant	Jul 18 – Aug 17
Legacy Blueberry	berry	—	Apr 23 Plant Out	Perennial — see plant page
Lemon Balm	herb	—	May 7 Plant Out	Perennial — see plant page
Lemon Cucumber	cucumber	Apr 30	May 21 Transplant	Jul 20 – Jul 30
Lemon Habanero Hot Peppers	pepper	Mar 19	May 21 Transplant	Aug 14 – Sep 3
Lemon Mint Herb	herb	—	May 7 Direct Sow	Aug 5
Lemon Verbena	herb	—	May 14 Plant Out	Perennial — see plant page
Lemongrass	herb	Mar 19	May 21 Transplant	Perennial — see plant page
Lettuce Leaf Basil	herb	Apr 9	May 14 Transplant	Jul 18 – Aug 2
Licorice Basil	herb	Apr 9	May 14 Transplant	Jul 18 – Aug 2
Lima Bean	legume	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 13 – Aug 2
Lime Basil	herb	Apr 9	May 14 Transplant	Jul 18 – Jul 28
Little Fingers Carrots	root vegetable	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 8
Little Fingers Carrots (fall planting)	root vegetable	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 18
Little Gem Lettuce	lettuce	—	Apr 7 Direct Sow	May 27 – Jun 2
Little Gem Lettuce (fall planting)	lettuce	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 19
Little Marvel Pea	legume	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 13 – Jul 16
Little Marvel Pea (fall planting)	legume	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 26
Lollo Bionda Lettuce	lettuce	—	Apr 7 Direct Sow	May 27 – Jun 6
Lollo Bionda Lettuce (fall planting)	lettuce	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 23
Lollo Rossa Lettuce	lettuce	—	Apr 7 Direct Sow	May 30 – Jun 2
Lollo Rossa Lettuce (fall planting)	lettuce	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 19
Long Green Louisiana Eggplant	vegetable	Mar 19	May 21 Transplant	Jul 25 – Jul 30
Long Island Cheese Winter Squash	squash	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Aug 30
Long Ping Tung Eggplant	vegetable	Mar 19	May 21 Transplant	Jul 15 – Jul 20
Long Purple Italian Eggplant	vegetable	Mar 19	May 21 Transplant	Aug 4
Lovage Herb	herb	—	May 7 Direct Sow	Perennial — see plant page
Love-in-a-Mist Flowers	flower	—	May 7 Direct Sow	Jul 11 – Jul 16
Love-in-a-Mist Flowers (fall planting)	flower	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Oct 3
Luffa gourds	vegetable	Apr 16	May 21 Transplant	Aug 29 – Sep 18
Luminosa Zinnia Flowers	flower	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 13 – Jul 23
Lunar White Carrots	root vegetable	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 8 – Jul 13
Lunar White Carrots (fall planting)	root vegetable	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 23
Lunaria Silver Dollar Flowers	flower	—	Apr 30 Direct Sow	Perennial — see plant page
Lunchbox Mini Peppers	pepper	Mar 26	May 28 Transplant	Jul 22 – Jul 27
M
Magenta Sunset Swiss Chard	lettuce	—	Apr 7 Direct Sow	Jun 1 – Jun 6
Magenta Sunset Swiss Chard (fall planting)	lettuce	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 23
Mammoth Dill	herb	—	Apr 23 Direct Sow	Jun 7 – Jun 27
Mammoth Dill (fall planting)	herb	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 28
Mammoth Melting Sugar Snow Pea	legume	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 21 – Jul 28
Mammoth Melting Sugar Snow Pea (fall planting)	legume	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Oct 8
Mammoth Sandwich Island Salsify	root vegetable	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Sep 11
Mammoth Sunflower	flower	—	May 7 Direct Sow	Jul 11 – Jul 26
Manitoba Tomatoes	tomato	Apr 2	May 21 Transplant	Jul 26
Mara des Bois Strawberry	berry	—	Apr 23 Plant Out	Perennial — see plant page
Marglobe Improved Tomatoes	tomato	Apr 2	May 21 Transplant	Jul 30 – Aug 9
Marglobe Supreme Tomatoes	tomato	Apr 2	May 21 Transplant	Jul 30 – Aug 9
Mariachi Peppers	pepper	Mar 19	May 21 Transplant	Jul 26 – Aug 4
Marion Blackberry	berry	—	May 7 Plant Out	Perennial — see plant page
Marion Tomatoes	tomato	Apr 2	May 21 Transplant	Aug 4 – Aug 9
Marketer Cucumber	cucumber	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 8
Marketmore 76 Cucumber	cucumber	Apr 23	May 21 Transplant	Jul 18 – Jul 28
Marvel of Four Seasons Lettuce	lettuce	—	Apr 7 Direct Sow	May 22 – Jun 6
Marvel of Four Seasons Lettuce (fall planting)	lettuce	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 23
Mary Washington Asparagus	vegetable	—	Apr 23 Plant Out	Perennial — see plant page
Matador Viking Spinach	lettuce	—	Apr 7 Direct Sow	May 22 – May 25
Matador Viking Spinach (fall planting)	lettuce	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 11
Matt's Wild Cherry Tomatoes	tomato	Mar 26	May 14 Transplant	Jul 8 – Jul 18
Maxibel Filet Bean	legume	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 3 – Jul 13
Maximilian Sunflowers	flower	—	May 7 Direct Sow	Perennial — see plant page
McKana Giants Mix Columbine Flowers	flower	—	May 7 Direct Sow	Perennial — see plant page
Medium Red Clover Cover Crop	cover crop	—	Apr 23 Direct Sow	Jun 22 – Jul 7
Medium Red Clover Cover Crop (fall planting)	cover crop	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Oct 8
Mesclun Mix	lettuce	—	Apr 7 Direct Sow	Apr 28 – May 7
Mesclun Mix (fall planting)	lettuce	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Aug 24
Michihili Cabbage	brassica	Mar 12	Apr 16 Transplant	Jun 25
Michihili Cabbage (fall planting)	brassica	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Oct 3
Midnight Snack Tomatoes	tomato	Apr 2	May 21 Transplant	Jul 25 – Jul 30
Mild French Garlic	allium	—	Oct 14 Plant Out	Jul 1, 2027 – Jul 20, 2027
Millennium Asparagus	vegetable	—	Apr 23 Plant Out	Perennial — see plant page
Minowase Daikon Radish	root vegetable	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jun 28 – Jul 8
Minowase Daikon Radish (fall planting)	root vegetable	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 18
Mizuna	lettuce	—	Apr 7 Direct Sow	May 17 – May 27
Mizuna (fall planting)	lettuce	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 13
Money Maker Tomatoes	tomato	Apr 2	May 21 Transplant	Aug 4 – Aug 14
Monstrueux de Viroflay Spinach	lettuce	—	Apr 7 Direct Sow	May 22 – May 27
Monstrueux de Viroflay Spinach (fall planting)	lettuce	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 13
Moon & Stars Red-Flesh Watermelon	melon	—	May 21 Direct Sow	Aug 19 – Aug 29
Moon & Stars Yellow-Flesh Watermelon	melon	—	May 21 Direct Sow	Aug 19 – Aug 29
Morris Heading Collard	lettuce	—	Apr 7 Direct Sow	Jun 21 – Jun 26
Morris Heading Collard (fall planting)	lettuce	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Oct 13
Mortgage Lifter Tomatoes	tomato	Mar 19	May 21 Transplant	Aug 9 – Aug 14
Mountain Magic Tomatoes	tomato	Apr 2	May 21 Transplant	Aug 1 – Aug 4
Mr. Stripey Tomatoes	tomato	Apr 2	May 21 Transplant	Aug 9
Mrs. Burns Lemon Basil	herb	Mar 26	May 14 Transplant	Jul 13 – Jul 23
Mucho Nacho Jalapeño Peppers	pepper	Apr 2	May 21 Transplant	Jul 28 – Jul 30
Mugwort	herb	—	May 7 Direct Sow	Perennial — see plant page
Muncher Cucumber	cucumber	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 13 – Jul 18
Music Hardneck Garlic	allium	—	Oct 14 Plant Out	Jul 1, 2027 – Jul 20, 2027
Mustard Greens	lettuce	—	Apr 7 Direct Sow	May 12 – May 27
Mustard Greens (fall planting)	lettuce	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 13
Mâche (Corn Salad)	lettuce	—	Apr 7 Direct Sow	Jun 6 – Jun 30
N
Nagami Kumquat	berry	—	May 21 Plant Out	Perennial — see plant page
Nantes Carrot	root vegetable	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 15 – Jul 28
Nantes Carrot (fall planting)	root vegetable	—	Jul 12 Direct Sow	Sep 25
Napa Cabbage	brassica	—	Apr 7 Direct Sow	Jun 6 – Jun 16
Napa Cabbage (fall planting)	brassica	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Oct 3
Napoletano Basil	herb	Apr 2	May 21 Transplant	Aug 4
Nasturtium	flower	—	May 7 Direct Sow	Jun 26 – Jul 11
National Pickling Cucumber	cucumber	Apr 30	May 21 Transplant	Jul 10 – Jul 18
New England Aster Flowers	flower	—	Apr 30 Direct Sow	Perennial — see plant page
New Sunn Hemp Cover Crop	cover crop	—	May 21 Direct Sow	Jul 20 – Aug 19
New Zealand Spinach	lettuce	—	Apr 7 Direct Sow	May 27 – Jun 6
Noble Giant Spinach	lettuce	—	Apr 7 Direct Sow	May 23 – May 27
Noble Giant Spinach (fall planting)	lettuce	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 13
Nodding Catchfly Flowers	flower	—	May 7 Direct Sow	Jul 6 – Aug 5
Northblue Blueberry	berry	—	Apr 23 Plant Out	Perennial — see plant page
Northland Blueberry	berry	—	Apr 23 Plant Out	Perennial — see plant page
NuMex Twilight Hot Peppers	pepper	Mar 19	May 21 Transplant	Aug 19 – Sep 18
Nutri-Red Carrots	root vegetable	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 23
Nutri-Red Carrots (fall planting)	root vegetable	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Oct 3
O
OG American Flag Leeks	allium	Mar 5	Apr 23 Transplant	Jul 22 – Aug 1
Old Fashion Mustard	lettuce	—	Apr 7 Direct Sow	May 22 – May 27
Old Fashion Mustard (fall planting)	lettuce	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 13
Orange Flesh Honeydew Melon	melon	—	May 21 Direct Sow	Aug 14 – Aug 29
Orange Habanero Hot Peppers	pepper	Mar 19	May 21 Transplant	Aug 14 – Sep 3
Orange Horizon Sweet Peppers	pepper	Mar 19	May 21 Transplant	Aug 4 – Aug 9
Orange King Zinnia Flowers	flower	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 13 – Jul 23
Orange Oxheart Tomatoes	tomato	Apr 2	May 21 Transplant	Aug 4 – Aug 14
Orange Sulphur Cosmos Flowers	flower	—	May 7 Direct Sow	Jul 1 – Jul 16
Orange Swiss Chard	lettuce	—	Apr 7 Direct Sow	May 22 – Jun 1
Orange Swiss Chard (fall planting)	lettuce	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 18
Oregon Giant Snow Pea	legume	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 13
Oregon Giant Snow Pea (fall planting)	legume	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 23
Oregon Spring Tomatoes	tomato	Apr 2	May 21 Transplant	Jul 18 – Jul 30
Oregon Sugar Pod Snow Pea	legume	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 13 – Jul 21
Oregon Sugar Pod Snow Pea (fall planting)	legume	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Oct 1
Orion Florence Fennel	vegetable	Apr 9	May 14 Transplant	Aug 2 – Aug 12
Ox-Eye Daisy Flowers	flower	Mar 5	May 7 Transplant	Perennial — see plant page
Ozark Beauty Strawberry	berry	—	Apr 23 Plant Out	Perennial — see plant page
P
Pacific Giant Pumpkin	squash	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Sep 6 – Sep 16
Padron Peppers	pepper	Mar 26	May 28 Transplant	Jul 27
Painted Mountain Flour Corn	vegetable	—	May 7 Direct Sow	Jul 31
Pandora Striped Eggplant	vegetable	Mar 19	May 21 Transplant	Aug 4 – Aug 9
Par-Cel Cutting Celery	vegetable	—	May 7 Plant Out	Jul 26 – Jul 31
Paris Market Carrots	root vegetable	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 18
Paris Market Carrots (fall planting)	root vegetable	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 28
Paris Yellow Pumpkin	squash	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Aug 22
Parsnip	root vegetable	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Aug 22 – Sep 21
Pasilla de Oaxaca Hot Peppers	pepper	Mar 19	May 21 Transplant	Aug 4 – Aug 14
Patio Princess Tomatoes	tomato	Apr 2	May 21 Transplant	Jul 25 – Jul 30
Patriot Blueberry	berry	—	Apr 23 Plant Out	Perennial — see plant page
Paul Robeson tomatoes	tomato	Mar 26	May 14 Transplant	Jul 23 – Aug 7
Peach Melba Nasturtium Flowers	flower	—	May 7 Direct Sow	Jun 26 – Jul 6
Peppermint	herb	—	May 7 Plant Out	Perennial — see plant page
Pepperoncini Pepper	pepper	Mar 19	May 21 Transplant	Jul 25 – Aug 4
Pesto Perpetuo Basil	herb	Apr 2	May 21 Transplant	Jul 20 – Aug 19
Petch Siam Thai Eggplant	vegetable	—	May 7 Plant Out	Jul 8
Phacelia cover crop and bee forage	cover crop	—	May 7 Direct Sow	Jun 21 – Jul 6
Phacelia cover crop and bee forage (fall planting)	cover crop	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 23
Pimento Sweet Peppers	pepper	Mar 19	May 21 Transplant	Aug 14 – Aug 19
Pineapple Tomatillos	vegetable	Mar 26	May 14 Transplant	Jul 23 – Aug 2
Pineapple Tomatoes	tomato	Apr 2	May 21 Transplant	Aug 4 – Aug 14
Pink Banana Jumbo Winter Squash	squash	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Aug 22 – Sep 1
Pink Delicious Tomatoes	tomato	Apr 2	May 21 Transplant	Aug 9 – Aug 13
Pink Oxheart Tomatoes	tomato	Apr 2	May 21 Transplant	Aug 9 – Aug 19
Pinkeye Purple Hull Cowpea	legume	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 13 – Jul 23
Pistou Basil	herb	Apr 2	May 21 Transplant	Jul 20
Pixie Delight Lupine Flowers	flower	—	May 7 Direct Sow	Aug 5 – Aug 25
Plains Coreopsis	flower	—	May 7 Direct Sow	Jul 6 – Jul 16
Planters Jumbo Cantaloupe Melon	melon	—	May 21 Direct Sow	Aug 14
Poblano Peppers	pepper	Mar 19	May 21 Transplant	Jul 25
Polar Bear Zinnia Flowers	flower	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 13 – Jul 23
Ponderosa Red Beefsteak Tomatoes	tomato	Apr 2	May 21 Transplant	Aug 9 – Aug 19
Poona Kheera Cucumbers	cucumber	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 8 – Jul 18
Popcorn	vegetable	—	May 7 Direct Sow	Jul 31 – Sep 4
Potato onion clusters	allium	—	May 7 Plant Out	Aug 5 – Sep 4
Powderpuff Aster Flowers	flower	Mar 26	May 14 Transplant	Jul 28 – Aug 7
Premier Kale	lettuce	—	Apr 7 Direct Sow	May 27 – Jun 6
Premier Kale (fall planting)	lettuce	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 23
Pretty Purple Hot Peppers	pepper	Mar 19	May 21 Transplant	Aug 19 – Sep 18
Prizewinner Runner Pole Bean	legume	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 28 – Aug 4
Progress No. 9 Shelling Pea	legume	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 11 – Jul 15
Progress No. 9 Shelling Pea (fall planting)	legume	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 25
Provider Bush Bean	legume	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 3 – Jul 8
Purple Basil	herb	Apr 2	May 21 Transplant	Jul 30 – Aug 14
Purple Beauty Sweet Peppers	pepper	Mar 19	May 21 Transplant	Jul 30 – Aug 4
Purple Carrots	root vegetable	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 23 – Jul 28
Purple Carrots (fall planting)	root vegetable	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Oct 8
Purple Glazer Garlic	allium	—	Oct 14 Plant Out	Jul 1, 2027 – Jul 20, 2027
Purple Haze Carrots	root vegetable	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 26
Purple Haze Carrots (fall planting)	root vegetable	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Oct 6
Purple Passion Asparagus	vegetable	—	Apr 23 Plant Out	Perennial — see plant page
Purple Plum Radishes	root vegetable	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jun 11 – Jun 13
Purple Plum Radishes (fall planting)	root vegetable	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Aug 24
Purple Tiger Hot Peppers	pepper	Mar 19	May 21 Transplant	Aug 19 – Aug 29
Purple Tomatillos	vegetable	Apr 9	May 14 Transplant	Jul 28 – Aug 7
Purple Top White Globe Turnip	root vegetable	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 3
Purple Top White Globe Turnip (fall planting)	root vegetable	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 13
Pápalo leaves	herb	—	May 7 Direct Sow	Jul 16 – Jul 26
Q
Queen Anne's Lace Flowers	flower	—	May 7 Direct Sow	Jul 11 – Jul 21
Queen Anne's Lace Flowers (fall planting)	flower	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Oct 8
Queensland Blue Winter Squash	squash	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Aug 22 – Sep 11
Quinault Strawberry	berry	—	Apr 23 Plant Out	Perennial — see plant page
R
Radicchio	lettuce	—	Apr 7 Direct Sow	Jun 6 – Jul 1
Rainbow Corn	vegetable	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Aug 27 – Sep 6
Rainbow Mix Swiss Chard	lettuce	—	Apr 7 Direct Sow	May 27 – Jun 6
Rainbow Mix Swiss Chard (fall planting)	lettuce	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 23
Rambo Radish Microgreens	microgreen	—	May 7 Plant Out	May 17 – May 22
Rambo Radish Microgreens (fall planting)	microgreen	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Aug 9
Rapeseed Cover Crop	cover crop	—	Apr 23 Direct Sow	Jun 7 – Jul 2
Rapeseed Cover Crop (fall planting)	cover crop	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Oct 3
Rapini Broccoli Raab	brassica	—	Apr 7 Direct Sow	Jun 11
Rapini Broccoli Raab (fall planting)	brassica	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 28
Raspberry Shortcake	berry	—	Apr 23 Plant Out	Perennial — see plant page
Rattlesnake Pole Bean	legume	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 13 – Jul 23
Red Acre Cabbage	brassica	Mar 12	Apr 16 Transplant	Jun 30 – Jul 5
Red Acre Cabbage (fall planting)	brassica	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Oct 13
Red Burgundy Okra	vegetable	—	May 21 Direct Sow	Jul 15 – Jul 20
Red Burgundy Onions	allium	Mar 5	May 7 Transplant	Aug 25 – Sep 4
Red Cabbage	brassica	Apr 16	May 21 Transplant	Jul 20 – Aug 29
Red Caribbean Habanero Hot Peppers	pepper	Mar 19	May 21 Transplant	Aug 14 – Sep 3
Red Cayenne Hot Peppers	pepper	Mar 19	May 21 Transplant	Aug 4 – Aug 14
Red Cherry Hot Peppers	pepper	Mar 19	May 21 Transplant	Aug 4 – Aug 9
Red Currant Tomato	tomato	—	May 7 Plant Out	Jul 16 – Jul 26
Red Garnet Amaranth	vegetable	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 8 – Jul 13
Red Lake currant shrubs	berry	—	Apr 23 Plant Out	Perennial — see plant page
Red Leaf Lettuce	lettuce	—	Apr 7 Direct Sow	May 22 – Jun 1
Red Leaf Lettuce (fall planting)	lettuce	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 18
Red Mushroom Hot Peppers	pepper	Mar 19	May 21 Transplant	Aug 4 – Aug 14
Red Orach	lettuce	—	Apr 7 Direct Sow	May 22
Red Orach (fall planting)	lettuce	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 8
Red Pear Tomatoes	tomato	Apr 2	May 21 Transplant	Jul 25 – Aug 4
Red Pontiac Potato	root vegetable	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Aug 12 – Sep 1
Red Prairie Mexican Hat Flowers	flower	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Perennial — see plant page
Red Robin Tomatoes	tomato	Apr 2	May 21 Transplant	Jul 15
Red Romaine Lettuce	lettuce	—	Apr 7 Direct Sow	Jun 6 – Jun 16
Red Romaine Lettuce (fall planting)	lettuce	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Oct 3
Red Rubin Basil	herb	Apr 2	May 21 Transplant	Aug 1
Red Russian Kale	lettuce	—	Apr 7 Direct Sow	May 17 – May 27
Red Russian Kale (fall planting)	lettuce	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 13
Red Scotch Bonnet Pepper	pepper	Mar 12	May 21 Transplant	Aug 24 – Sep 18
Red Vein Sorrel	lettuce	—	Apr 7 Direct Sow	Perennial — see plant page
Red Velvet Leaf Basil	herb	Apr 9	May 14 Transplant	Jul 18 – Aug 2
Red-Stem Malabar Spinach	lettuce	—	Apr 7 Direct Sow	Jun 1 – Jun 16
Rhubarb	vegetable	—	May 7 Plant Out	Perennial — see plant page
Rio Grande Tomatoes	tomato	Apr 2	May 21 Transplant	Aug 4 – Aug 9
Roma II Bush Bean	legume	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 6 – Jul 12
Roma VF Tomatoes	tomato	Apr 2	May 21 Transplant	Aug 4 – Aug 9
Romaine Lettuce	lettuce	—	Apr 7 Direct Sow	Jun 11 – Jun 21
Romaine Lettuce (fall planting)	lettuce	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Oct 8
Roman Chamomile	herb	Mar 19	May 7 Transplant	Perennial — see plant page
Romanesco	brassica	Apr 16	May 21 Transplant	Aug 4 – Aug 29
Romano Pole Bean	legume	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 13 – Jul 21
Roselle calyces and leaves	vegetable	Apr 9	May 14 Transplant	Oct 11 – Nov 10
Rosemary	herb	Mar 5	May 21 Transplant	Perennial — see plant page
Round de Nice Zucchini Summer Squash	squash	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 5
Round Mauve Eggplant	vegetable	Mar 19	May 21 Transplant	Aug 9 – Aug 19
Royal Burgundy Bush Bean	legume	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 8
Royal Carpet Alyssum Flowers	flower	—	Apr 30 Direct Sow	Jun 14 – Jun 29
Royal Carpet Alyssum Flowers (fall planting)	flower	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 23
Royalty Purple Raspberry	berry	—	May 7 Plant Out	Perennial — see plant page
Ruby Red Swiss Chard	lettuce	—	Apr 7 Direct Sow	Jun 1 – Jun 6
Ruby Red Swiss Chard (fall planting)	lettuce	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 23
Rue	herb	Mar 19	May 7 Transplant	Perennial — see plant page
Russell Mix Lupine Flowers	flower	—	May 7 Direct Sow	Perennial — see plant page
Russian Tarragon	herb	—	May 7 Direct Sow	Perennial — see plant page
Rutgers Tomato	tomato	Apr 2	May 21 Transplant	Jul 30 – Aug 9
S
Sakura Tomatoes	tomato	Apr 2	May 21 Transplant	Jul 15 – Jul 20
Salad Bowl Green Lettuce	lettuce	—	Apr 7 Direct Sow	May 26 – May 27
Salad Bowl Green Lettuce (fall planting)	lettuce	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 13
Salad Burnet	herb	—	Apr 30 Direct Sow	Perennial — see plant page
Salad Bush Cucumbers	cucumber	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 10 – Jul 11
San Andreas Strawberries	berry	—	Apr 23 Plant Out	Perennial — see plant page
San Marzano Tomatoes	tomato	Mar 19	May 21 Transplant	Aug 7 – Aug 17
Santa Fe Grande Hot Peppers	pepper	Mar 19	May 21 Transplant	Aug 4 – Aug 9
Savoy Perfection Cabbage	brassica	Mar 19	Apr 23 Transplant	Jul 22 – Jul 27
Scarlet Flax Flowers	flower	—	Apr 23 Direct Sow	Jun 17 – Jul 2
Scarlet Flax Flowers (fall planting)	flower	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Oct 3
Scarlet Runner Bean	legume	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Perennial — see plant page
Scarlet Sage Flowers	flower	Apr 9	May 14 Transplant	Perennial — see plant page
Seascape Strawberry	berry	—	Apr 23 Plant Out	Perennial — see plant page
Serrano Peppers	pepper	Mar 19	May 21 Transplant	Jul 30 – Aug 9
Shallot	allium	—	Apr 16 Plant Out	Jul 15 – Aug 14
Shasta Daisy Flowers	flower	Mar 5	May 7 Transplant	Perennial — see plant page
Shelling Pea	legume	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 8 – Jul 23
Shelling Pea (fall planting)	legume	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Oct 3
Shishito Peppers	pepper	Mar 26	May 28 Transplant	Jul 27 – Aug 1
Showy Pink Ladies Evening Primrose Flowers	flower	—	May 7 Direct Sow	Perennial — see plant page
Shungiku (Edible Chrysanthemum)	lettuce	—	Apr 7 Direct Sow	May 17 – Jun 1
Shungiku (Edible Chrysanthemum) (fall planting)	lettuce	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 18
Siberian Garlic	allium	—	Oct 14 Plant Out	Jul 1, 2027 – Jul 20, 2027
Signet marigold edible flowers	flower	—	May 7 Direct Sow	Jul 6 – Jul 11
Silver Queen Sweet Corn	vegetable	—	May 7 Direct Sow	Aug 5 – Aug 7
Single Mix China Aster Flowers	flower	Mar 26	May 14 Transplant	Jul 23 – Aug 2
Slenderette Bush Bean	legume	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 6 – Jul 10
Slow-Bolt (Slo-Bolt) Cilantro/Coriander	herb	—	May 7 Direct Sow	Jun 4 – Jun 16
Slow-Bolt (Slo-Bolt) Cilantro/Coriander (fall planting)	herb	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 3
Smooth Blue Aster Flowers	flower	—	Apr 30 Direct Sow	Perennial — see plant page
Snow Crown Cauliflower	brassica	Apr 16	May 21 Transplant	Jul 10 – Jul 20
Snow Crown Cauliflower (fall planting)	brassica	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 23
Snow Pea	legume	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 5 – Jul 23
Snow Pea (fall planting)	legume	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Oct 3
Snow White Carrots	root vegetable	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 23 – Jul 28
Snow White Carrots (fall planting)	root vegetable	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Oct 8
Snowball Self-Blanche Cauliflower	brassica	Mar 19	Apr 23 Transplant	Jun 27
Snowball Self-Blanche Cauliflower (fall planting)	brassica	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 28
Soapwort	flower	Mar 26	May 14 Transplant	Perennial — see plant page
Softneck Garlic	allium	—	Oct 14 Plant Out	Jul 1, 2027 – Jul 20, 2027
Solar Yellow Carrots	root vegetable	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 23 – Jul 28
Solar Yellow Carrots (fall planting)	root vegetable	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Oct 8
Southport Red Globe Onions	allium	Mar 5	May 7 Transplant	Sep 4
Southport White Globe Onions	allium	Mar 5	May 7 Transplant	Sep 4
Spacemaster Bush Cucumber	cucumber	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 13 – Jul 18
Spaghetti Squash	squash	Apr 23	May 21 Transplant	Aug 17 – Aug 29
Spanish Sweet White Onions	allium	Mar 5	May 7 Transplant	Aug 25 – Sep 4
Sparkle Strawberry	berry	—	Apr 23 Plant Out	Perennial — see plant page
Sparkler Radishes	root vegetable	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jun 8 – Jun 13
Sparkler Radishes (fall planting)	root vegetable	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Aug 24
Sparky Mix Marigolds	flower	Apr 2	May 7 Transplant	Jul 1 – Jul 16
Spearmint	herb	—	May 7 Plant Out	Perennial — see plant page
Speckled Pea Shoot Microgreens	microgreen	—	May 7 Plant Out	May 15 – May 21
Speckled Pea Shoot Microgreens (fall planting)	microgreen	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Aug 8
Spicy Globe Basil	herb	Apr 2	May 21 Transplant	Jul 30
St. Valery Carrots	root vegetable	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 23
St. Valery Carrots (fall planting)	root vegetable	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Oct 3
Stevia	herb	Apr 2	May 21 Transplant	Perennial — see plant page
Straight Eight Cucumber	cucumber	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 13 – Jul 18
Stupice Tomatoes	tomato	Apr 2	May 21 Transplant	Jul 15 – Jul 30
Sugar Ann Snap Pea	legume	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 8
Sugar Ann Snap Pea (fall planting)	legume	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 18
Sugar Baby Watermelon	melon	Apr 23	May 21 Transplant	Aug 4 – Aug 9
Sugar Pie Pumpkin	squash	Apr 23	May 21 Transplant	Aug 19 – Sep 8
Sugar Snap Pea	legume	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 8 – Jul 23
Sugar Snap Pea (fall planting)	legume	—	Jul 26 Direct Sow	Oct 4
Summer Bibb Lettuce	lettuce	—	Apr 7 Direct Sow	Jun 1 – Jun 6
Summer Bibb Lettuce (fall planting)	lettuce	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 23
Summer Carnival Mix Hollyhock Flowers	flower	—	May 7 Direct Sow	Sep 4 – Sep 27 (before frost)
Summer Max Mix Cover Crop	cover crop	—	May 21 Direct Sow	Jul 5 – Jul 20
Summer Savory	herb	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 8 – Jul 18
Sun Gold Sunflowers	flower	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Aug 2 – Aug 17
Sun Gold Tomatoes	tomato	Apr 2	May 21 Transplant	Jul 17 – Jul 25
Sunbright Yellow Sweet Peppers	pepper	Mar 19	May 21 Transplant	Aug 4 – Aug 9
SunChocola Tomatoes	tomato	Apr 2	May 21 Transplant	Jul 20 – Jul 30
Sungella Tomatoes	tomato	Apr 2	May 21 Transplant	Jul 20 – Jul 30
Sunray Tomatoes	tomato	Apr 2	May 21 Transplant	Aug 4 – Aug 9
Sunshine Blue Blueberry	berry	—	May 14 Plant Out	Perennial — see plant page
Sunshine Kabocha Squash	squash	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Aug 17 – Aug 22
Sunspot Sunflowers	flower	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 8 – Jul 23
Surecrop Strawberry	berry	—	Apr 23 Plant Out	Perennial — see plant page
Suyo Long Cucumbers	cucumber	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 13 – Jul 18
Sweet 100 Tomatoes	tomato	Apr 2	May 21 Transplant	Jul 20 – Jul 25
Sweet Alyssum	flower	Apr 2	May 21 Transplant	Jun 30 – Jul 15
Sweet Marjoram	herb	Mar 26	May 14 Transplant	Jul 28 – Aug 12
Sweet Million Tomatoes	tomato	Apr 2	May 21 Transplant	Jul 20 – Jul 25
Sweet Success Cucumbers	cucumber	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 7 – Jul 11
Sweet Treats Tomatoes	tomato	Apr 2	May 21 Transplant	Jul 25 – Aug 4
Sweet Woodruff	herb	Mar 19	May 7 Transplant	Perennial — see plant page
Swiss Chard	lettuce	—	Apr 7 Direct Sow	May 27 – Jun 6
Swiss Chard (fall planting)	lettuce	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 23
T
Tabasco Hot Peppers	pepper	Mar 19	May 21 Transplant	Aug 9 – Aug 19
Table Queen Acorn Squash	squash	Apr 23	May 21 Transplant	Aug 9 – Aug 29
Tall Trailing Mix Nasturtium Flowers	flower	—	May 7 Direct Sow	Jul 1 – Jul 16
Tall Utah 52-70 Celery	vegetable	Mar 5	May 21 Transplant	Aug 29 – Sep 28
Tango Lettuce	lettuce	—	Apr 7 Direct Sow	May 23
Tango Lettuce (fall planting)	lettuce	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 9
Tansy	herb	Mar 19	May 7 Transplant	Perennial — see plant page
Tasty Jade Cucumbers	cucumber	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 7
Tatsoi	lettuce	—	Apr 7 Direct Sow	May 2 – May 22
Tatsoi (fall planting)	lettuce	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 8
Tavera Filet Bean	legume	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 7
Taylor Dwarf Bush Bean	legume	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 18 – Jul 21
Tendercrisp Celery	vegetable	Feb 26	May 14 Transplant	Aug 12 – Aug 27
Tendergreen Burpless Cucumber	cucumber	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 18
Tendergreen Bush Bean	legume	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 3 – Jul 8
Tendergreen Mustard	lettuce	—	Apr 7 Direct Sow	May 17 – May 27
Tendergreen Mustard (fall planting)	lettuce	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 13
Tendersweet Carrots	root vegetable	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 23
Tendersweet Carrots (fall planting)	root vegetable	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Oct 3
Tendersweet Orange Watermelon	melon	—	May 21 Direct Sow	Aug 19 – Aug 24
Tepin Hot Peppers	pepper	Mar 5	May 21 Transplant	Sep 18 – Sep 27 (before frost)
Texas Bluebonnet Lupine Flowers	flower	—	May 7 Direct Sow	Jul 21 – Aug 10
Thai Basil	herb	Apr 2	May 21 Transplant	Jul 20 – Jul 25
Thai Hot Peppers	pepper	Mar 19	May 21 Transplant	Aug 4 – Aug 14
Thessaloniki Tomatoes	tomato	Apr 2	May 21 Transplant	Jul 21 – Aug 1
Thorogreen Bush Lima Bean	legume	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 18 – Jul 28
Tiger Eye Bean	legume	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Aug 2 – Aug 12
Tigerella Tomatoes	tomato	Apr 2	May 21 Transplant	Jul 15 – Jul 30
Tiny Tim Tomatoes	tomato	Apr 2	May 21 Transplant	Jul 5 – Jul 15
Tom Thumb Lettuce	lettuce	—	Apr 7 Direct Sow	May 27 – Jun 16
Tom Thumb Lettuce (fall planting)	lettuce	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Oct 3
Tom Watson Watermelon	melon	—	May 21 Direct Sow	Aug 14
Tomatillo	vegetable	Apr 16	May 21 Transplant	Jul 20 – Aug 14
Tongue of Fire Bean	legume	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 13 – Aug 17
Top Crop Bush Bean	legume	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 3 – Jul 8
Top Hat Blueberry	berry	—	Apr 23 Plant Out	Perennial — see plant page
Toro Blueberry	berry	—	Apr 23 Plant Out	Perennial — see plant page
Tri Color Amaranth (Joseph's Coat)	vegetable	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jun 13 – Jun 28
Tri-X 313 Seedless Watermelon	melon	Apr 16	May 21 Transplant	Jul 25 – Aug 4
Trinidad Moruga Scorpion peppers	pepper	Mar 5	May 21 Transplant	Aug 9 – Sep 18
Triple Crown Blackberry	berry	—	May 7 Plant Out	Perennial — see plant page
Tristar Strawberry	berry	—	Apr 23 Plant Out	Perennial — see plant page
Tropical Milkweed Flowers	flower	Mar 26	May 14 Transplant	Perennial — see plant page
Trucker's Favorite Corn	vegetable	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 28 – Aug 7
True Watercress	vegetable	—	May 7 Direct Sow	Perennial — see plant page
Très Fine Maraîchère Frisée	lettuce	—	Apr 7 Direct Sow	Jun 6
Très Fine Maraîchère Frisée (fall planting)	lettuce	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 23
Tumbling Tom Red Tomatoes	tomato	Apr 2	May 21 Transplant	Jul 25 – Jul 30
Turkish Orange Eggplant	vegetable	Mar 19	May 21 Transplant	Aug 14 – Aug 19
Tuscany Black Kale	lettuce	—	Apr 7 Direct Sow	Jun 6 – Jun 21
Tuscany Black Kale (fall planting)	lettuce	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Oct 8
U
Upland Cress	vegetable	—	May 7 Direct Sow	Perennial — see plant page
V
Vates Collard	lettuce	—	Apr 7 Direct Sow	Jun 6 – Jun 21
Vates Collard (fall planting)	lettuce	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Oct 8
Vates Kale	lettuce	—	Apr 7 Direct Sow	May 27 – Jun 1
Vates Kale (fall planting)	lettuce	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 18
Velvet Queen Sunflowers	flower	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 28 – Aug 12
Verde Tomatillos	vegetable	Apr 9	May 14 Transplant	Jul 28 – Aug 7
Vermont Cranberry Bean	legume	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 18 – Aug 17
Verona Red Chicory	lettuce	—	Apr 7 Direct Sow	Jul 1 – Jul 8
Victoria Rhubarb	vegetable	Mar 5	Apr 23 Transplant	Perennial — see plant page
Vienna Purple Kohlrabi	brassica	—	Apr 7 Direct Sow	Jun 1 – Jun 11
Vienna Purple Kohlrabi (fall planting)	brassica	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 28
Vienna White Kohlrabi	brassica	—	Apr 7 Direct Sow	Jun 1
Vienna White Kohlrabi (fall planting)	brassica	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 18
Vietnamese Coriander	herb	—	May 14 Plant Out	Perennial — see plant page
Viola and pansy edible flowers	flower	Feb 12	Apr 23 Transplant	Jun 22 – Jul 2
Viola and pansy edible flowers (fall planting)	flower	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Oct 3
Violetta Purple Cauliflower	brassica	Mar 19	Apr 23 Transplant	Jun 27
Violetta Purple Cauliflower (fall planting)	brassica	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 28
VR Moscow Tomatoes	tomato	Apr 2	May 21 Transplant	Aug 9 – Aug 19
W
Waltham 29 Broccoli	brassica	Apr 16	May 21 Transplant	Aug 4 – Aug 19
Waltham Butternut Squash	squash	Apr 23	May 21 Transplant	Aug 29 – Sep 18
Wando Pea	legume	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 16 – Jul 21
Wando Pea (fall planting)	legume	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Oct 1
Watermelon Radishes	root vegetable	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 3 – Jul 18
Watermelon Radishes (fall planting)	root vegetable	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 28
Wautoma Cucumbers	cucumber	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 13
Wee Be Little Pumpkin	squash	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Aug 7
West Indian Burr Gherkin Cucumber	cucumber	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 8 – Jul 18
Whirlybird Nasturtium Flowers	flower	—	May 7 Direct Sow	Jun 26 – Jul 6
White Boston Lettuce	lettuce	—	Apr 7 Direct Sow	May 17 – May 27
White Boston Lettuce (fall planting)	lettuce	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 13
White Cherry Tomatoes	tomato	Apr 2	May 21 Transplant	Jul 19 – Jul 30
White Cloud Sweet Peppers	pepper	Mar 19	May 21 Transplant	Jul 30 – Aug 4
White clover living mulch	cover crop	—	May 7 Direct Sow	Perennial — see plant page
White Cushaw Crookneck Winter Squash	squash	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Aug 22
White Detroit Beets	root vegetable	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 8 – Jul 13
White Detroit Beets (fall planting)	root vegetable	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 23
White Emergo Runner Pole Bean	legume	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 28 – Aug 2
White Icicle Radishes	root vegetable	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jun 13
White Icicle Radishes (fall planting)	root vegetable	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Aug 24
White Lisbon Bunching Onions	allium	Mar 19	May 7 Transplant	Jul 6
White Lisbon Bunching Onions (fall planting)	allium	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 23
White Marrow Summer Squash	squash	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Aug 7
White Wonder Cucumber	cucumber	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 8 – Jul 13
Winner Kohlrabi	brassica	—	Apr 7 Direct Sow	May 22 – May 27
Winner Kohlrabi (fall planting)	brassica	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 13
Winter Density Lettuce	lettuce	—	Apr 7 Direct Sow	May 31 – Jun 6
Winter Density Lettuce (fall planting)	lettuce	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 23
Winter Giant Spinach	lettuce	—	Apr 7 Direct Sow	May 22 – May 27
Winter Giant Spinach (fall planting)	lettuce	—	Jul 25 Direct Sow	Sep 13
Winter rye cover crop stands	cover crop	—	May 7 Direct Sow	Nov 3 – Dec 13
Winter Savory	herb	—	May 14 Plant Out	Perennial — see plant page
Wisconsin SMR 58 Cucumbers	cucumber	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 8 – Jul 11
Witloof White Chicory	lettuce	—	Apr 7 Direct Sow	Jul 26 – Aug 15
Wormwood	herb	Mar 19	May 7 Transplant	Perennial — see plant page
Y
Yard Long Bean	legume	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 13 – Aug 12
Yarrow	flower	—	May 7 Plant Out	Perennial — see plant page
Yellow Beefsteak Tomatoes	tomato	Apr 2	May 21 Transplant	Aug 4 – Aug 14
Yellow Crookneck Squash	squash	Apr 23	May 21 Transplant	Jul 10 – Jul 20
Yellow Jalapeno (Caloro) Hot Peppers	pepper	Mar 19	May 21 Transplant	Aug 4 – Aug 14
Yellow Mushroom Hot Peppers	pepper	Mar 19	May 21 Transplant	Aug 4 – Aug 14
Yellow Oxheart Tomatoes	tomato	Apr 2	May 21 Transplant	Aug 8
Yellow Pear Tomatoes	tomato	Apr 2	May 21 Transplant	Jul 30 – Aug 9
Yellow Scotch Bonnet Hot Peppers	pepper	Mar 19	May 21 Transplant	Aug 19 – Sep 18
Yellow Sulphur Cosmos Flowers	flower	—	May 7 Direct Sow	Jul 1 – Jul 16
Yellow Sweet Blossom Clover Cover Crop	cover crop	—	Apr 23 Direct Sow	Jun 22 – Jul 22
Yolo Wonder Sweet Peppers	pepper	Mar 19	May 21 Transplant	Jul 30 – Aug 9
Yukon Gold Potato	root vegetable	—	May 14 Direct Sow	Jul 23 – Aug 12
Z
Zinnia	flower	Apr 16	May 21 Transplant	Jul 20 – Aug 19

Browse Zone 5A by Month

See exactly what to plant, transplant, and harvest each month in Zone 5A.

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Zone 5A Growing Tips

Average last spring frost is May 7 and first fall frost is October 4 — these are the anchor dates your entire planting schedule is built around.
Occasional heat waves in July-August. Most crops handle the heat well with adequate water.
Thunderstorm-driven rainfall June-August. Supplemental irrigation needed during dry spells.
Disease pressure in this zone is moderate. Primary risks include early blight, late blight, downy mildew. Proper plant spacing, air circulation, and avoiding overhead watering significantly reduce disease incidence.
Fall cool-season crops (lettuce, spinach, kale, radishes) should go in the ground between July 25 and September 1 for harvest before hard frost arrives.

States in Zone 5A

Zone 5A spans parts of these states. Note that zone boundaries run within states — check your specific ZIP code for your exact zone.

Minnesota Wisconsin Michigan (Upper Peninsula) Vermont New Hampshire Maine Montana (east) Wyoming (north)

What works well in Zone 5A

Zone 5a's short season and wide last-frost variability reward gardeners who start warm-season crops indoors, warm soil before transplanting, and protect spring and fall shoulders.

Row cover / frost blanket

Critical

Row cover adds frost protection, speeds early growth, and physically excludes insect pests without spraying. Look for spun-bonded fabric with a stated weight and frost rating, UV resistance, and enough width for hoops or low tunnels.

Source: University of Maryland Extension; University of New Hampshire Extension; Colorado State University Extension

Budget Floating Row Cover (5'x25') Lightweight 0.9 oz fabric for light frost and pest exclusion. Breathable enough to leave on all season without overheating plants. View on Amazon paid link Best value Frost Blanket (10'x30') Thicker 1.2 oz fabric rated to protect down to 28°F. Covers 300 sq ft — enough for multiple raised beds in a single sheet. View on Amazon paid link Premium Heavy Crop Protection Cover (6'x50') Professional-grade 1.5 oz fabric from the brand farms and extension offices use. Handles hard freezes and lasts multiple seasons. View on Amazon paid link

Seed starting tray + heat mat

Critical

For crops started indoors before transplanting, this tray-and-mat combo improves germination consistency. Bottom heat speeds and evens germination; warm-season crops in particular want it, while cool-season transplants germinate fine at the lower end of the range. Look for a rigid tray, cell inserts with drainage, and a mat paired with a thermostat.

Source: Utah State University Extension; Iowa State University Extension; Mississippi State University Extension

Budget Seedling Heat Mat (10"x20") The foundation piece. UL & MET certified, 27,000+ reviews. Slides under any tray to speed germination. View on Amazon paid link Best value Seedling Heat Mat + Thermostat Combo Same trusted mat with a digital thermostat so you can dial in exact soil temperature. Peppers want 80-85°F, tomatoes 75-80°F. View on Amazon paid link Premium Heavy-Duty Seed Germination Kit Complete germination station with Samsung LEDs, 3mm thick dome, heat mat, and ventilation panels. The setup serious seed starters graduate to. View on Amazon paid link

Plastic mulch for melon beds

High

UMN Extension emphasizes waiting for warm soil for melons and notes that plastic mulches warm the soil. Melons demand warm soil and a long season, so root-zone warming materially improves establishment.

Source: UMN Extension

Budget Black Plastic Mulch (4 ft x 100 ft, 1.0 mil) 1.0 mil embossed black mulch film at home-garden roll size. Heats soil 5-10°F over bare ground per extension research. Embossed surface improves soil contact and reduces wind lift. Best for one or two raised beds. View on Amazon paid link Best value Black Plastic Mulch (4 ft x 250 ft, 1.0 mil) Same 1.0 mil embossed film at 2.5x the length for only a few dollars more. Better per-foot economics for gardeners with multiple beds or planning multiple seasons of use. Store the unused portion rolled and dry between seasons. View on Amazon paid link Premium Red Plastic Mulch (4 ft x 250 ft, 1.0 mil) Red mulch reflects far-red light back into the canopy, which UMN Extension and other extension trials have linked to 12-20% tomato yield increases over black mulch. Same 1.0 mil embossed spec, swapped for the color that matters when growing tomatoes specifically. View on Amazon paid link

Clean straw mulch for berry rows

High

Penn State Extension says strawberry plantings require mulch for winter protection from cold and soil heaving and recommends about 4 inches of clean straw. It insulates shallow crowns and keeps fruiting zones cleaner.

Source: Penn State Extension

Budget Seeding Straw Mulch (1 cu ft, covers ~250 sq ft) Processed wheat straw, the type Penn State Extension specifically recommends for strawberry winter protection. Apply 3 to 4 inches over strawberry rows after several nights in the low-to-mid 20s to insulate shallow crowns from freeze-thaw heaving. Covers about 250 square feet. View on Amazon paid link Best value Cleaned Wheat Straw Mulch (3 cu ft, ~20 lbs) Cleaned wheat straw at 3 cubic feet for larger strawberry plantings. Penn State recommends about 4 inches of clean straw for winter protection and notes that more exposed pyramid or raised-bed strawberry plantings benefit from 6 to 8 inches because the crowns are more exposed to cold air. View on Amazon paid link

Soil thermometer

Medium

University of Minnesota Extension recommends measuring soil temperature 2 to 4 inches below the surface to decide when warm-season crops can actually be planted, because air temperature and average frost dates do not reliably predict whether soil is warm enough for germination. A dedicated soil thermometer with a 4 to 6 inch stainless steel probe gives gardeners a deterministic reading instead of relying on the calendar alone, which matters most in zones with wide last-frost variability. Look for a waterproof stainless steel stem, a clearly marked vegetable-garden temperature range, and a readable analog or digital display at planting depth.

Source: University of Minnesota Extension

Budget Soil Thermometer (5" stem) 5-inch waterproof stainless steel stem, 0-220°F range. Purpose-built for seeding and transplanting decisions, not a multi-meter combo. Established US instrument brand with consistent accuracy reviews. View on Amazon paid link Best value Stainless Steel Soil Thermometer (5" stem, 1.5" dial) 5-inch (127mm) stainless steel stem, 0-220°F range, 1.5-inch easy-read dial. Stronger review count and slightly larger display than the budget option, with the same temperature range. View on Amazon paid link Premium Stainless Steel Soil Thermometer (6" stem, 3" dial) 6-inch stainless steel stem with a large 3-inch glass-covered dial, ±2°F accuracy with 2°F subdivisions, calibration adjustment, 1-year warranty. The most readable and most accurate of the three; best for older eyes or quick spring readings without bending close. View on Amazon paid link

As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases. These are Amazon affiliate links -- if you buy through them, SoilStack earns a small commission at no extra cost to you. Commissions help keep the site free and ad-free. We only recommend products that match published extension-service specs.

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Frost dates from NOAA NCEI 1991-2020 U.S. Climate Normals (dataset gov.noaa.ncdc:C01619; methodology Palecki et al. 2021), aggregated across 2,257 ZIP codes in Zone 5A. First fall frost is aggregated the same way as spring, from NOAA element ANN-TMIN-PRBFST-T32F. Growing season is NOAA's own published normal (ANN-TMIN-PRBGSL-T32F), measured per year and then averaged — not the gap between the two dates above, which is a slightly different quantity. Planting dates are averages based on zone frost dates and standard horticultural timing — adjust for your local microclimate.